Dashti Hassan S, Follis Jack L, Smith Caren E, Tanaka Toshiko, Cade Brian E, Gottlieb Daniel J, Hruby Adela, Jacques Paul F, Lamon-Fava Stefania, Richardson Kris, Saxena Richa, Scheer Frank A J L, Kovanen Leena, Bartz Traci M, Perälä Mia-Maria, Jonsson Anna, Frazier-Wood Alexis C, Kalafati Ioanna-Panagiota, Mikkilä Vera, Partonen Timo, Lemaitre Rozenn N, Lahti Jari, Hernandez Dena G, Toft Ulla, Johnson W Craig, Kanoni Stavroula, Raitakari Olli T, Perola Markus, Psaty Bruce M, Ferrucci Luigi, Grarup Niels, Highland Heather M, Rallidis Loukianos, Kähönen Mika, Havulinna Aki S, Siscovick David S, Räikkönen Katri, Jørgensen Torben, Rotter Jerome I, Deloukas Panos, Viikari Jorma S A, Mozaffarian Dariush, Linneberg Allan, Seppälä Ilkka, Hansen Torben, Salomaa Veikko, Gharib Sina A, Eriksson Johan G, Bandinelli Stefania, Pedersen Oluf, Rich Stephen S, Dedoussis George, Lehtimäki Terho, Ordovás José M
From the Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory (HSD, CES, KR, and JMO), Nutritional Epidemiology Laboratory (PFJ), and Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory (SL-F), Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA; the Department of Mathematics, Computer Science, and Cooperative Engineering, University of St. Thomas, Houston, TX (JLF); the Translational Gerontology Branch (TT and LF) and Laboratory of Neurogenetics (DGH), National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD; the Divisions of Sleep and Circadian Disorders (BEC, DJG, RS, and FAJLS) and Cardiovascular Medicine and Channing Division of Network Medicine (DM), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; the Divisions of Sleep Medicine (BEC, DJG, and FAJLS) and Cardiovascular Medicine and Channing Division of Network Medicine (DM), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; the Sleep Disorders Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (DJG); the Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (AH and DM); the Center for Human Genetic Research and Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (RS); the Departments of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services (LK and TP) and Chronic Disease Prevention (M-MP, MP, ASH, VS, and JGE) and National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland; the Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (TMB, RNL, and BMP), Departments of Medicine (TMB, RNL, BMP, and SAG), Biostatistics (TMB and WCJ), and Epidemiology and Health Services (BMP), Computational Medicine Core (SAG), Center for Lung Biology (SAG), and University of Washington Medicine Sleep Center (SAG), University of Washington, Seattle, WA; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research (AJ, NG, TH, and OP) and Department of Clinical Medicine (AL), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; the USDA
Am J Clin Nutr. 2015 Jan;101(1):135-43. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.114.095026. Epub 2014 Nov 26.
Short sleep duration has been associated with greater risks of obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Also, common genetic variants in the human Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput (CLOCK) show associations with ghrelin and total energy intake.
We examined associations between habitual sleep duration, body mass index (BMI), and macronutrient intake and assessed whether CLOCK variants modify these associations.
We conducted inverse-variance weighted, fixed-effect meta-analyses of results of adjusted associations of sleep duration and BMI and macronutrient intake as percentages of total energy as well as interactions with CLOCK variants from 9 cohort studies including up to 14,906 participants of European descent from the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology Consortium.
We observed a significant association between sleep duration and lower BMI (β ± SE = 0.16 ± 0.04, P < 0.0001) in the overall sample; however, associations between sleep duration and relative macronutrient intake were evident in age- and sex-stratified analyses only. We observed a significant association between sleep duration and lower saturated fatty acid intake in younger (aged 20-64 y) adults (men: 0.11 ± 0.06%, P = 0.03; women: 0.10 ± 0.05%, P = 0.04) and with lower carbohydrate (-0.31 ± 0.12%, P < 0.01), higher total fat (0.18 ± 0.09%, P = 0.05), and higher PUFA (0.05 ± 0.02%, P = 0.02) intakes in older (aged 65-80 y) women. In addition, the following 2 nominally significant interactions were observed: between sleep duration and rs12649507 on PUFA intake and between sleep duration and rs6858749 on protein intake.
Our results indicate that longer habitual sleep duration is associated with lower BMI and age- and sex-specific favorable dietary behaviors. Differences in the relative intake of specific macronutrients associated with short sleep duration could, at least in part, explain previously reported associations between short sleep duration and chronic metabolic abnormalities. In addition, the influence of obesity-associated CLOCK variants on the association between sleep duration and macronutrient intake suggests that longer habitual sleep duration could ameliorate the genetic predisposition to obesity via a favorable dietary profile.
睡眠时间短与肥胖、高血压、糖尿病和心血管疾病的风险增加有关。此外，人类昼夜运动输出周期蛋白（CLOCK）中的常见基因变异与胃饥饿素和总能量摄入有关。
我们研究了习惯性睡眠时间、体重指数（BMI）和常量营养素摄入量之间的关联，并评估了CLOCK基因变异是否会改变这些关联。
我们对9项队列研究的结果进行了逆方差加权固定效应荟萃分析，这些研究对睡眠时间与BMI以及常量营养素摄入量占总能量的百分比之间的调整关联，以及与来自基因组流行病学心脏与衰老研究队列联盟中多达14906名欧洲血统参与者的CLOCK基因变异的相互作用进行了分析。
在总体样本中，我们观察到睡眠时间与较低的BMI之间存在显著关联（β±SE = 0.16±0.04，P < 0.0001）；然而，睡眠时间与相对常量营养素摄入量之间的关联仅在按年龄和性别分层的分析中明显。我们观察到，在较年轻（20 - 64岁）的成年人中，睡眠时间与较低的饱和脂肪酸摄入量之间存在显著关联（男性：0.11±0.06%，P = 0.03；女性：0.10±0.05%，P = 0.04），在年龄较大（65 - 80岁）的女性中，睡眠时间与较低的碳水化合物摄入量（-0.31±0.12%，P < 0.01）、较高的总脂肪摄入量（0.18±0.09%，P = 0.05）和较高的多不饱和脂肪酸摄入量（0.05±0.02%，P = 0.02）有关。此外，还观察到以下2种名义上显著的相互作用：睡眠时间与rs12649507对多不饱和脂肪酸摄入量的相互作用，以及睡眠时间与rs6858749对蛋白质摄入量的相互作用。
我们的结果表明，较长的习惯性睡眠时间与较低的BMI以及特定年龄和性别的有利饮食行为有关。与短睡眠时间相关的特定常量营养素相对摄入量的差异，至少可以部分解释先前报道的短睡眠时间与慢性代谢异常之间的关联。此外，与肥胖相关的CLOCK基因变异对睡眠时间与常量营养素摄入量之间关联的影响表明，较长的习惯性睡眠时间可能通过有利的饮食模式改善肥胖的遗传易感性。
