Yoon So Ra, Choi Miok, Kim Oh Yoen
Institute of Health Insurance and Clinical Research, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea.
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea.
J Lipid Atheroscler. 2021 May;10(2):240-250. doi: 10.12997/jla.2021.10.2.240. Epub 2021 May 3.
Dietary factors are important contributors to obesity and related metabolic disorders. Few studies have evaluated the impact of dietary habits (, breakfast consumption frequency and meal regularity) on metabolic health. We investigated the effects of breakfast consumption frequency and meal time regularity on nutrient intake and cardiometabolic status in Korean adults.
Participants without diagnosed diseases (n=217) were examined for anthropometric and biochemical parameters, lifestyle, dietary habits, and nutrient intake. They were categorized into 4 groups by breakfast consumption frequency (≥6 or <6 times/week) and meal time regularity (regular or irregular): breakfast ≥6 times/week and regular eating (HBRE), breakfast ≥6 times/week and irregular eating (HBIE), breakfast <6 times/week and regular eating (LBRE) and breakfast <6 times/week and irregular eating (LBIE).
Participants in the LBIE group were the youngest, had higher waist circumference, body mass index, triglyceride levels, and inflammation, and consumed the highest daily total caloric intake (TCI), the highest proportion of fats, and the lowest proportion of carbohydrates. The LBIE group also had the lowest proportion of energy intake at breakfast and the highest proportion at dinner. The LBIE group consumed the lowest amounts of fiber, beta-carotene, vitamin K, folate, calcium and iron, and had the highest prevalence of inadequate nutrient intake for TCI, protein, vitamins A, C, B6, and B12, folate, calcium, iron, zinc, and copper.
Regular breakfast consumption and meal times are related to healthy lifestyle habits and adequate nutrient intake, which affect metabolic health, thereby helping prevent obesity and related metabolic disorders.
饮食因素是导致肥胖及相关代谢紊乱的重要因素。很少有研究评估饮食习惯（即早餐食用频率和用餐规律）对代谢健康的影响。我们调查了早餐食用频率和用餐时间规律对韩国成年人营养摄入和心脏代谢状况的影响。
对未被诊断出疾病的参与者（n = 217）进行人体测量和生化参数、生活方式、饮食习惯及营养摄入方面的检查。根据早餐食用频率（每周≥6次或<6次）和用餐时间规律（规律或不规律）将他们分为4组：每周早餐≥6次且饮食规律（HBRE）、每周早餐≥6次且饮食不规律（HBIE）、每周早餐<6次且饮食规律（LBRE）以及每周早餐<6次且饮食不规律（LBIE）。
LBIE组的参与者最年轻，腰围、体重指数、甘油三酯水平和炎症水平更高，每日总热量摄入（TCI）最高，脂肪比例最高，碳水化合物比例最低。LBIE组早餐能量摄入比例最低，晚餐能量摄入比例最高。LBIE组膳食纤维、β-胡萝卜素、维生素K、叶酸、钙和铁的摄入量最低，TCI、蛋白质、维生素A、C、B6、B12、叶酸、钙、铁、锌和铜营养摄入不足的患病率最高。
规律的早餐食用和用餐时间与健康的生活方式习惯及充足的营养摄入相关，这会影响代谢健康，从而有助于预防肥胖及相关代谢紊乱。
