Zillmer Laura Russo, Gazzotti Mariana Rodrigues, Nascimento Oliver Augusto, Montealegre Federico, Fish James, Jardim José Roberto
Federal University of São Paulo, Paulista School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil. Pulmonary Rehabilitation Center, Federal University of São Paulo Paulista School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.
Federal University of São Paulo, Paulista School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil. Federal University of São Paulo Paulista School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.
J Bras Pneumol. 2014 Nov-Dec;40(6):591-8. doi: 10.1590/S1806-37132014000600002.
To evaluate the impact of asthma, by gender, in a population sample of asthma patients in Brazil.
We conducted face-to-face interviews with 400 subjects (> 12 years of age) included in a national probability telephone sample of asthma patients in the Brazilian state capitals of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Curitiba, and Salvador. Each of those 400 subjects completed a 53-item questionnaire that addressed five asthma domains: symptoms; impact of asthma on quality of life; perception of asthma control; exacerbations; and treatment/medication.
Of the 400 patients interviewed, 272 (68%) were female. In relation to respiratory symptoms, the proportion of women reporting extremely bothersome symptoms (cough with sputum, tightness in the chest, cough/shortness of breath/tightness in the chest during exercise, nocturnal shortness of breath, and nocturnal cough) was greater than was that of men. Daytime symptoms, such as cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, and tightness in the chest, were more common among women than among men. Women also more often reported that their asthma interfered with normal physical exertion, social activities, sleep, and life in general. Regarding the impact of asthma on quality of life, the proportion of subjects who reported that asthma caused them to feel that they had no control over their lives and affected the way that they felt about themselves was also greater among women than among men.
Among women, asthma tends to be more symptomatic, as well as having a more pronounced effect on activities of daily living and on quality of life.
评估哮喘对巴西哮喘患者人群样本中不同性别的影响。
我们对400名年龄超过12岁的受试者进行了面对面访谈，这些受试者来自巴西圣保罗、里约热内卢、库里蒂巴和萨尔瓦多州首府哮喘患者的全国概率电话样本。这400名受试者每人都完成了一份包含53个项目的问卷，该问卷涉及五个哮喘领域：症状；哮喘对生活质量的影响；哮喘控制的认知；病情加重；以及治疗/用药。
在接受访谈的400名患者中，272名（68%）为女性。在呼吸道症状方面，报告有极其困扰症状（咳痰咳嗽、胸部紧绷、运动时咳嗽/呼吸急促/胸部紧绷、夜间呼吸急促和夜间咳嗽）的女性比例高于男性。咳嗽、呼吸急促、喘息和胸部紧绷等白天症状在女性中比在男性中更常见。女性还更常报告她们的哮喘干扰了正常的体力活动、社交活动、睡眠以及总体生活。关于哮喘对生活质量的影响，报告哮喘使他们感到无法掌控自己的生活并影响他们自我感觉的受试者比例在女性中也高于男性。
在女性中，哮喘往往症状更明显，对日常生活活动和生活质量的影响也更显著。
