Andersen Jody L, He Gui-Xin, Kakarla Prathusha, K C Ranjana, Kumar Sanath, Lakra Wazir Singh, Mukherjee Mun Mun, Ranaweera Indrika, Shrestha Ugina, Tran Thuy, Varela Manuel F
Department of Biology, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, NM 88130, USA.
Department of Clinical Laboratory and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015 Jan 28;12(2):1487-547. doi: 10.3390/ijerph120201487.
Foodborne illnesses caused by bacterial microorganisms are common worldwide and constitute a serious public health concern. In particular, microorganisms belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae and Vibrionaceae families of Gram-negative bacteria, and to the Staphylococcus genus of Gram-positive bacteria are important causative agents of food poisoning and infection in the gastrointestinal tract of humans. Recently, variants of these bacteria have developed resistance to medically important chemotherapeutic agents. Multidrug resistant Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Vibrio cholerae, Enterobacter spp., and Staphylococcus aureus are becoming increasingly recalcitrant to clinical treatment in human patients. Of the various bacterial resistance mechanisms against antimicrobial agents, multidrug efflux pumps comprise a major cause of multiple drug resistance. These multidrug efflux pump systems reside in the biological membrane of the bacteria and actively extrude antimicrobial agents from bacterial cells. This review article summarizes the evolution of these bacterial drug efflux pump systems from a molecular biological standpoint and provides a framework for future work aimed at reducing the conditions that foster dissemination of these multidrug resistant causative agents through human populations.
由细菌微生物引起的食源性疾病在全球范围内很常见，是一个严重的公共卫生问题。特别是，革兰氏阴性菌中的肠杆菌科和弧菌科微生物，以及革兰氏阳性菌中的葡萄球菌属，是人类胃肠道食物中毒和感染的重要病原体。最近，这些细菌的变种对重要的医学化疗药物产生了耐药性。多重耐药的大肠杆菌、肠炎沙门氏菌、霍乱弧菌、肠杆菌属和金黄色葡萄球菌对人类患者的临床治疗越来越难以对付。在各种细菌对抗菌剂的耐药机制中，多药外排泵是多重耐药的主要原因。这些多药外排泵系统存在于细菌的生物膜中，并能主动将抗菌剂从细菌细胞中排出。这篇综述文章从分子生物学的角度总结了这些细菌药物外排泵系统的演变，并为未来旨在减少这些多重耐药病原体在人群中传播的条件的工作提供了一个框架。
