Aguilar María I, Benítez Wendy V, Colín Arturo, Bye Robert, Ríos-Gómez Ramiro, Calzada Fernando
Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.
Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2015 Apr 2;163:167-72. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.01.031. Epub 2015 Jan 30.
Doradilla is a plant that has a long history in the Mexican traditional system of medicine for gall and renal stones, diuresis, stomach and liver inflammation among other diseases. Major components isolated from these plants include biflavonoids as amentoflavone (1), robustaflavone (2) and (S)-2,3-dihydrorobustaflavone (3) and the carbohydrate trehalose (4). The aim of this study was to evaluate the diuretic effect of the decoction of Selaginella nothohybrida Valdespino and Selaginella lepidophylla (Hook & Grev) Spring (Selaginellaceae), and compounds 1-4. We also explored the probable mode of action comparing the effects when using nonspecific and specific COX׳s inhibitors.
Three biflavonoids (1-3) were isolated from the ethyl acetate extraction of the aqueous decoction and the carbohydrate trehalose (4) from the aqueous phase. The structures of all compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and comparisons were made against published data. The diuretic activity was assessed in mice by oral administration of the decoctions in doses of 1000 and 2000mg/kg and biflavonoids 1-3 and trehalose (4) in a dose range of 10mg/kg using furosemide as a standard drug. Inhibitors of COX׳s such as acetyl salicylic acid, sodium naproxen, indomethacin and Celebrex were also assayed to analyze the involvement of renal prostaglandins in diuresis. Water excretion rate, pH, density, conductivity, and contents of Na(+) and K(+) were measured in the urine of mice.
Decoction of Selaginella lepidophylla showed lower effect in the urine output at doses of 1000 and 2000mg/kg, while decoction of Selaginella nothohybrida produced an increase at 2000mg/kg (P<0.05). Urinary electrolytes excretion was also affected by this last extract and pure compounds: decoction diminished urinary excretion of sodium and potassium ions, so as compounds 1 and 4; compounds 2 and 3 observed just a natriuretic effect. Pretreated mice with COX׳s inhibitors and then with test compounds 1, 2, 4 and decoction showed inhibition of diuresis in all cases exception for treatment with trehalose (4); natriuretic effect was observed in all cases except for biflavonoid robustaflavone (2) which behaved as the reference compound furosemide. Selaginella nothohybrida decoction behaved similarly to COX-2 inhibitor Celebrex (8), inhibiting diuresis.
Selaginella nothohybrida presents a moderate diuretic effect, which appears to be in partly mediated by the presence of biflavonoids and trehalose. Renal prostaglandins may be involved in the mechanism of diuresis. The present results provide a quantitative basis explaining the traditional folk medicine use of Selaginella nothohybrida as a diuretic agent by Mexican population.
多拉迪利亚是一种在墨西哥传统医学体系中有着悠久历史的植物，用于治疗胆结石、肾结石、利尿、胃部和肝脏炎症等多种疾病。从这些植物中分离出的主要成分包括双黄酮类化合物，如穗花杉双黄酮（1）、粗壮双黄酮（2）和（S）-2,3-二氢粗壮双黄酮（3）以及碳水化合物海藻糖（4）。本研究的目的是评估卷柏杂交种瓦尔迪皮诺和垫状卷柏（胡克&格雷夫）斯普林（卷柏科）水煎剂以及化合物1 - 4的利尿作用。我们还通过比较使用非特异性和特异性环氧化酶（COX）抑制剂时的效果，探讨了其可能的作用方式。
从水煎剂的乙酸乙酯提取物中分离出三种双黄酮类化合物（1 - 3），并从水相中分离出碳水化合物海藻糖（4）。所有化合物的结构通过光谱方法进行了阐明，并与已发表的数据进行了比较。通过以呋塞米作为标准药物，对小鼠口服1000和2000mg/kg剂量的水煎剂以及10mg/kg剂量范围内的双黄酮类化合物1 - 3和海藻糖（4）来评估利尿活性。还对COX抑制剂如乙酰水杨酸、萘普生钠、吲哚美辛和塞来昔布进行了检测，以分析肾前列腺素在利尿中的作用。测量了小鼠尿液中的水排泄率、pH值、密度、电导率以及钠（Na⁺）和钾（K⁺）的含量。
垫状卷柏水煎剂在1000和2000mg/kg剂量时对尿量的影响较小，而卷柏杂交种水煎剂在2000mg/kg时尿量增加（P<0.05）。最后一种提取物和纯化合物也影响了尿电解质排泄：水煎剂减少了钠和钾离子的尿排泄，化合物1和4也是如此；化合物2和3仅观察到利钠作用。用COX抑制剂预处理小鼠，然后再用测试化合物1、2、4和水煎剂处理，除了海藻糖（4）处理外，在所有情况下均显示出利尿抑制作用；在所有情况下均观察到利钠作用，除了双黄酮类化合物粗壮双黄酮（2），其表现与参考化合物呋塞米相同。卷柏杂交种水煎剂的作用与COX - 2抑制剂塞来昔布（8）相似，抑制利尿。
卷柏杂交种具有中等利尿作用，这似乎部分是由双黄酮类化合物和海藻糖介导的。肾前列腺素可能参与了利尿机制。目前的结果为解释墨西哥人群将卷柏杂交种作为利尿剂用于传统民间医学提供了定量依据。
