饥饿促使对非食物物品的获取。
Hunger promotes acquisition of nonfood objects.
作者信息
Xu Alison Jing, Schwarz Norbert, Wyer Robert S
机构信息
Carlson School of Management, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455;
Department of Psychology and Marshall School of Business, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089; and.
出版信息
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015 Mar 3;112(9):2688-92. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1417712112. Epub 2015 Feb 17.
Hunger motivates people to consume food, for which finding and acquiring food is a prerequisite. We test whether the acquisition component spills over to nonfood objects: Are hungry people more likely to acquire objects that cannot satisfy their hunger? Five laboratory and field studies show that hunger increases the accessibility of acquisition-related concepts and the intention to acquire not only food but also nonfood objects. Moreover, people act on this intention and acquire more nonfood objects (e.g., binder clips) when they are hungry, both when these items are freely available and when they must be paid for. However, hunger does not influence how much they like nonfood objects. We conclude that a basic biologically based motivation can affect substantively unrelated behaviors that cannot satisfy the motivation. This presumably occurs because hunger renders acquisition-related concepts and behaviors more accessible, which influences decisions in situations to which they can be applied.
饥饿促使人们进食，而寻找和获取食物是进食的前提条件。我们测试了获取食物这一行为是否会扩展到非食物物品上：饥饿的人是否更有可能获取无法满足其饥饿感的物品？五项实验室研究和实地研究表明，饥饿会增加与获取相关概念的可及性，不仅会增强获取食物的意愿，还会增强获取非食物物品的意愿。此外，人们会按照这一意愿行事，在饥饿时会获取更多非食物物品（如回形针），无论这些物品是免费提供的还是需要付费的。然而，饥饿并不影响他们对非食物物品的喜爱程度。我们得出结论，一种基于生物学的基本动机可以对本质上与其无关且无法满足该动机的行为产生实质性影响。这可能是因为饥饿使与获取相关的概念和行为更容易被联想到，从而影响了在可应用这些概念和行为的情境中的决策。
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