Sanem Julia R, Erickson Darin J, Rutledge Patricia C, Lenk Kathleen M, Nelson Toben F, Jones-Webb Rhonda, Toomey Traci L
Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 South Second Street, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454, United States.
Department of Psychology, Allegheny College, 520 North Main Street, Meadville, PA 16335, United States.
Accid Anal Prev. 2015 May;78:104-109. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2015.02.018. Epub 2015 Mar 7.
All states in the U.S. prohibit alcohol-impaired driving but active law enforcement is necessary for effectively reducing this behavior. Sobriety checkpoints, saturation patrols, open container laws, and media campaigns related to enforcement efforts are all enforcement-related strategies for reducing alcohol-impaired driving. We conducted surveys of all state patrol agencies and a representative sample of local law enforcement agencies to assess their use of alcohol-impaired driving enforcement-related strategies and to determine the relationship between these enforcement-related strategies and self-reported alcohol-impaired driving behavior obtained from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. We found that sobriety checkpoints, saturation patrols, and enforcement of open container laws were associated with a lower prevalence of alcohol-impaired driving but, more importantly, a combination of enforcement-related strategies was associated with a greater decrease in alcohol-impaired driving than any individual enforcement-related activity. In addition, alcohol-impaired driving enforcement-related strategies were associated with decreased alcohol-impaired driving above and beyond their association with decreased binge drinking. Results suggest law enforcement agencies should give greater priority to using a combination of strategies rather than relying on any one individual enforcement activity.
美国所有州都禁止酒后驾车，但要有效减少这种行为，积极的执法行动必不可少。清醒检查站、饱和式巡逻、公开容器法以及与执法行动相关的媒体宣传活动，都是减少酒后驾车的与执法相关的策略。我们对所有州巡逻机构以及当地执法机构的一个代表性样本进行了调查，以评估它们对与酒后驾车执法相关策略的使用情况，并确定这些与执法相关的策略与从行为风险因素监测系统获得的自我报告的酒后驾车行为之间的关系。我们发现，清醒检查站、饱和式巡逻以及公开容器法的执法与酒后驾车的较低发生率相关，但更重要的是，与执法相关的策略组合比任何单独的与执法相关的活动都能使酒后驾车的减少幅度更大。此外，与酒后驾车执法相关的策略除了与减少狂饮有关外，还与酒后驾车的减少有关。结果表明，执法机构应更加优先采用策略组合，而不是依赖任何一项单独的执法活动。
