Matsumura Yoshinobu, Akahira-Moriya Ayako, Sasaki-Mori Miho
Department of Life Science and Biotechnology; 2. Organization for Research and Development of Innovative Science and Technology, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan.
Biocontrol Sci. 2015;20(1):35-42. doi: 10.4265/bio.20.35.
Bisphenol A (BPA, 2,2'-Bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane) is an artificial pollutant that is easily detected in soil and water environments. BPA decomposition and removal from the environment is relatively difficult due to its stability. This study evaluated the BPA decomposition and removal activities of the microbial community existing in the soil with or without Sphingomonas bisphenolicum AO1, and revealed the toxic effects of BPA towards the microbial community. The microbial community in soil was able to degrade BPA at 1.0 mg·g(-1) soil or lower, although its degradation was slow. On the other hand, BPA at more than 10 mg·g(-1) soil was not only degraded by the microbial community but also decreased its diversity, suggesting that BPA is harmful to many microorganisms. PCR-TTGE analysis and the cloned 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that Sphingomonadales, Xanthomonadales, Burkholderiales and Pseudomonadales in the microbial community might independently or cooperatively degrade BPA. On the other hand, supplementation with strain AO1 was able to significantly improve the BPA decomposition activity of the microbial community in soil even at 10 mg BPA·g(-1) soil, although BPA at 100 mg·g(-1) soil overwhelmed the BPA decomposition activity of strain AO1. Furthermore, it was also concluded that strain AO1 could not inhabit BPA purified soil after decomposition of BPA by strain AO1 and the soil microbial community, suggesting that the application of strain AO1 could be a low-burden method for the decomposition and removal of BPA from the natural environment.
双酚A（BPA，2,2'-双（4-羟基苯基）丙烷）是一种人工污染物，在土壤和水环境中很容易被检测到。由于其稳定性，BPA在环境中的分解和去除相对困难。本研究评估了存在或不存在双酚鞘氨醇单胞菌AO1的土壤中微生物群落对BPA的分解和去除活性，并揭示了BPA对微生物群落的毒性作用。土壤中的微生物群落能够在1.0 mg·g(-1)土壤或更低浓度下降解BPA，尽管其降解速度较慢。另一方面，土壤中超过10 mg·g(-1)的BPA不仅会被微生物群落降解，还会降低其多样性，这表明BPA对许多微生物有害。PCR-TTGE分析和克隆的16S rRNA基因序列分析表明，微生物群落中的鞘脂单胞菌目、黄单胞菌目、伯克霍尔德菌目和假单胞菌目可能独立或协同降解BPA。另一方面，即使在10 mg BPA·g(-1)土壤的情况下，添加菌株AO1也能够显著提高土壤中微生物群落对BPA的分解活性，尽管100 mg·g(-1)土壤中的BPA超过了菌株AO1的BPA分解活性。此外，还得出结论，在菌株AO1和土壤微生物群落分解BPA后，菌株AO1无法在BPA纯化的土壤中存活，这表明应用菌株AO1可能是一种从自然环境中分解和去除BPA的低负担方法。
