Reuter Martin, Cooper Andrew J, Smillie Luke D, Markett Sebastian, Montag Christian
Department of Psychology, University of Bonn Bonn, Germany ; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Bonn Bonn, Germany ; Center of Economics and Neuroscience, University of Bonn Bonn, Germany.
Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London London, UK.
Front Syst Neurosci. 2015 Mar 16;9:38. doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2015.00038. eCollection 2015.
Jeffrey Gray's Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST) represents one of the most influential biologically-based personality theories describing individual differences in approach and avoidance tendencies. The most prominent self-report inventory to measure individual differences in approach and avoidance behavior to date is the BIS/BAS scale by Carver and White (1994). As Gray and McNaughton (2000) revised the RST after its initial formulation in the 1970/80s, and given the Carver and White measure is based on the initial conceptualization of RST, there is a growing need for self-report inventories measuring individual differences in the revised behavioral inhibition system (BIS), behavioral activation system (BAS) and the fight, flight, freezing system (FFFS). Therefore, in this paper we present a new questionnaire measuring individual differences in the revised constructs of the BIS, BAS and FFFS in N = 1814 participants (German sample). An English translated version of the new measure is also presented and tested in N = 299 English language participants. A large number of German participants (N = 1090) also filled in the BIS/BAS scales by Carver and White (1994) and the correlations between these measures are presented. Finally, this same subgroup of participants provided buccal swaps for the investigation of the arginine vasopressin receptor 1a (AVPR1a) gene. Here, a functional genetic polymorphism (rs11174811) on the AVPR1a gene was shown to be associated with individual differences in both the revised BIS and classic BIS dimensions.
杰弗里·格雷的强化敏感性理论（RST）是最具影响力的基于生物学的人格理论之一，它描述了个体在趋近和回避倾向方面的差异。迄今为止，用于测量趋近和回避行为个体差异的最著名的自我报告量表是卡弗和怀特（1994）编制的BIS/BAS量表。由于格雷和麦克诺顿（2000）在20世纪70/80年代首次提出RST后对其进行了修订，且鉴于卡弗和怀特的测量方法是基于RST的最初概念，因此越来越需要有自我报告量表来测量修订后的行为抑制系统（BIS）、行为激活系统（BAS）和战斗、逃跑、僵住系统（FFFS）中的个体差异。因此，在本文中，我们呈现了一份新的问卷，用于测量N = 1814名参与者（德国样本）在修订后的BIS、BAS和FFFS结构中的个体差异。还呈现了该新测量方法的英文翻译版本，并在N = 299名英语参与者中进行了测试。大量德国参与者（N = 1090）也填写了卡弗和怀特（1994）编制的BIS/BAS量表，并呈现了这些测量方法之间的相关性。最后，同一组参与者提供了颊拭子用于精氨酸加压素受体1a（AVPR1a）基因的研究。在此，AVPR1a基因上的一个功能性基因多态性（rs11174811）被证明与修订后的BIS和经典BIS维度中的个体差异均相关。
