Zhao Ying-Yong, Vaziri Nosratola D, Lin Rui-Chao
Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.
Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.
Adv Clin Chem. 2015;68:153-75. doi: 10.1016/bs.acc.2014.11.002. Epub 2015 Jan 7.
Due to the incidence of type-2 diabetes and hypertension, chronic kidney disease (CKD) has emerged as a major public health problem worldwide. CKD results in premature death from accelerated cardiovascular disease and various other complications. Early detection, careful monitoring of renal function, and response to therapeutic intervention are critical for prevention of CKD progression and its complications. Unfortunately, traditional biomarkers of renal function are insufficiently sensitive or specific to detect early stages of disease when therapeutic intervention is most effective. Therefore, more sensitive biomarkers of kidney disease are needed for early diagnosis, monitoring, and effective treatment. CKD results in profound changes in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism that, in turn, contribute to progression of CKD and its cardiovascular complications. Lipids and lipid-derived metabolites play diverse and critically important roles in the structure and function of cells, tissues, and biofluids. Lipidomics is a branch of metabolomics, which encompasses the global study of lipids and their biologic function in health and disease including identification of biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, and therapeutic response for various diseases. This review summarizes recent developments in lipidomics and its application to various kidney diseases including chronic glomerulonephritis, IgA nephropathy, chronic renal failure, renal cell carcinoma, diabetic nephropathy, and acute renal failure in clinical and experimental research. Analytical technologies, data analysis, as well as currently known metabolic biomarkers of kidney diseases are addressed. Future perspectives and potential limitations of lipidomics are discussed.
由于2型糖尿病和高血压的发病率，慢性肾脏病（CKD）已成为全球主要的公共卫生问题。CKD会导致因心血管疾病加速进展和各种其他并发症而过早死亡。早期检测、仔细监测肾功能以及对治疗干预做出反应对于预防CKD进展及其并发症至关重要。不幸的是，传统的肾功能生物标志物在疾病早期阶段（此时治疗干预最为有效）的敏感性或特异性不足。因此，需要更敏感的肾脏疾病生物标志物用于早期诊断、监测和有效治疗。CKD会导致脂质和脂蛋白代谢发生深刻变化，进而促进CKD进展及其心血管并发症。脂质和脂质衍生代谢物在细胞、组织和生物流体的结构与功能中发挥着多样且至关重要的作用。脂质组学是代谢组学的一个分支，它全面研究脂质及其在健康和疾病中的生物学功能，包括鉴定用于各种疾病诊断、预后、预防和治疗反应的生物标志物。本综述总结了脂质组学的最新进展及其在各种肾脏疾病中的应用，包括慢性肾小球肾炎、IgA肾病、慢性肾衰竭、肾细胞癌、糖尿病肾病以及临床和实验研究中的急性肾衰竭。还讨论了分析技术、数据分析以及目前已知的肾脏疾病代谢生物标志物。探讨了脂质组学的未来前景和潜在局限性。
