Walls Helen L, Smith Richard D, Drahos Peter
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Leverhulme Centre for Integrative Research on Agriculture and Health, London, UK.
Global Health. 2015 Mar 21;11:14. doi: 10.1186/s12992-015-0099-7.
Modern trade negotiations have delivered a plethora of bilateral and regional preferential trade agreements (PTAs), which involve considerable risk to public health, thus placing demands on governments to strengthen administrative regulatory capacities in regard to the negotiation, implementation and on-going management of PTAs. In terms of risk management, the administrative regulatory capacity requisite for appropriate negotiation of PTAs is different to that for the implementation or on-going management of PTAs, but at all stages the capacity needed is expensive, skill-intensive and requires considerable infrastructure, which smaller and poorer states especially struggle to find. It is also a task generally underestimated. If states do not find ways to increase their capacities then PTAs are likely to become much greater drivers of health inequities. Developing countries especially struggle to find this capacity. In this article we set out the importance of administrative regulatory capacity and coordination to manage the risks to public health associated with PTAs, and suggest ways countries can improve their capacity.
现代贸易谈判催生了大量双边和区域优惠贸易协定（PTA），这些协定给公共卫生带来了相当大的风险，因此要求各国政府加强在PTA谈判、实施及持续管理方面的行政监管能力。在风险管理方面，PTA进行适当谈判所需的行政监管能力与PTA实施或持续管理所需的能力不同，但在所有阶段所需的能力都成本高昂、技能密集且需要大量基础设施，这对较小和较贫穷的国家来说尤其难以实现。这也是一项普遍被低估的任务。如果各国找不到提高自身能力的方法，那么PTA很可能会成为健康不平等加剧的更大推动因素。发展中国家尤其难以找到这种能力。在本文中，我们阐述了行政监管能力和协调对于管理与PTA相关的公共卫生风险的重要性，并提出了各国提高自身能力的方法。
