Otomaru Hirono, Kamigaki Taro, Tamaki Raita, Opinion Jamie, Santo Arlene, Daya Edgard, Okamoto Michiko, Saito Mariko, Tallo Veronica, Lupisan Soccoro, Suzuki Akira, Oshitani Hitoshi
Department of Virology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
Tacloban City Health Office, Tacloban City, the Philippines.
PLoS One. 2015 Apr 20;10(4):e0123755. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123755. eCollection 2015.
This study aimed to determine the role of influenza-like illness (ILI) surveillance conducted on Leyte Island, the Philippines, including involvement of other respiratory viruses, from 2010 to 2013. ILI surveillance was conducted from January 2010 to March 2013 with 3 sentinel sites located in Tacloban city, Palo and Tanauan of Leyte Island. ILI was defined as fever ≥38°C or feverish feeling and either cough or running nose in a patient of any age. Influenza virus and other 5 respiratory viruses were searched. A total of 5,550 ILI cases visited the 3 sites and specimens were collected from 2,031 (36.6%) cases. Among the cases sampled, 1,637 (75.6%) were children aged <5 years. 874 (43.0%) cases were positive for at least one of the respiratory viruses tested. Influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) were predominantly detected (both were 25.7%) followed by human rhinovirus (HRV) (17.5%). The age distributions were significantly different between those who were positive for influenza, HRV, and RSV. ILI cases were reported throughout the year and influenza virus was co-detected with those viruses on approximately half of the weeks of study period (RSV in 60.5% and HRV 47.4%). In terms of clinical manifestations, only the rates of headache and sore throat were significantly higher in influenza positive cases than cases positive to other viruses. In conclusion, syndromic ILI surveillance in this area is difficult to detect the start of influenza epidemic without laboratory confirmation which requires huge resources. Age was an important factor that affected positive rates of influenza and other respiratory viruses. Involvement of older age children may be useful to detect influenza more effectively.
本研究旨在确定2010年至2013年在菲律宾莱特岛开展的流感样疾病（ILI）监测的作用，包括其他呼吸道病毒的参与情况。2010年1月至2013年3月进行了ILI监测，在莱特岛的塔克洛班市、帕洛和塔瑙安设有3个哨点。ILI定义为任何年龄患者体温≥38°C或有发热感，且伴有咳嗽或流鼻涕。对流感病毒和其他5种呼吸道病毒进行了检测。共有5550例ILI病例到这3个哨点就诊，从2031例（36.6%）病例中采集了样本。在采样病例中，1637例（75.6%）为5岁以下儿童。874例（43.0%）病例至少对一种检测的呼吸道病毒呈阳性。主要检测到流感病毒和呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）（两者均为25.7%），其次是人类鼻病毒（HRV）（17.5%）。流感、HRV和RSV呈阳性者的年龄分布有显著差异。全年均有ILI病例报告，在研究期间约一半的周内，流感病毒与这些病毒共同被检测到（RSV为60.5%，HRV为47.4%）。在临床表现方面，仅流感阳性病例的头痛和喉咙痛发生率显著高于其他病毒阳性病例。总之，该地区的症状性ILI监测在没有实验室确认的情况下很难检测到流感流行的开始，而实验室确认需要大量资源。年龄是影响流感和其他呼吸道病毒阳性率的重要因素。纳入大龄儿童可能有助于更有效地检测流感。
