Opstoel Katrijn, Pion Johan, Elferink-Gemser Marije, Hartman Esther, Willemse Bas, Philippaerts Renaat, Visscher Chris, Lenoir Matthieu
Institute of Sport and Exercise Studies, Faculty of Health and Social Studies, University of Applied Sciences Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
PLoS One. 2015 May 15;10(5):e0126282. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126282. eCollection 2015.
The aim of this study was to investigate to what extent 9 to 11 year old children participating in a specific sport already exhibit a specific anthropometric, physical fitness and motor coordination profile, in line with the requirements of that particular sport. In addition, the profiles in children with a different training volume were compared and possible differences in training hours per week between children from a low, moderate, and high level of physical fitness and motor coordination were investigated.
Data of 620 children, 347 boys and 273 girls, who participated in the Flemish Sports Compass were used. Only the primary sport of each child was considered and six groups of sports (Ball sports, Dance, Gymnastics, Martial arts, Racquet sports and Swimming) were formed based on common characteristics. Measurements consisted of 17 tests. Independent T-tests and Mann-Whitney U-tests revealed few differences between the groups of sports and the discriminant analyses with the moderate and low active group did not show any significant results (p > .05). However, when discriminating among the high active children, a 85.2 % correct classification between six groups of sports was found (Wilks' Λ = .137 and p < .001). Finally, children performing under average on the tests spent significantly fewer hours in sport per week (2.50 ± 1.84 hours) compared to the children performing best (3.25 ± 2.60 hours) (p = .016) and the children performing above average (2.90 ± 1.96 hours) (p = .029) on physical fitness and motor coordination.
The study showed that in general, children at a young age do not exhibit sport-specific characteristics, except in children with a high training volume. It is possible that on the one hand, children have not spent enough time yet in their sport to develop sport-specific qualities. On the other hand, it could be possible that they do not take individual qualities into account when choosing a sport.
本研究旨在调查9至11岁参与特定运动的儿童在多大程度上已经展现出符合该特定运动要求的特定人体测量学、身体素质和运动协调性特征。此外，还比较了不同训练量儿童的特征，并调查了低、中、高身体素质和运动协调性水平的儿童每周训练时长的可能差异。
使用了参与弗拉芒体育指南针项目的620名儿童（347名男孩和273名女孩）的数据。仅考虑每个孩子的主要运动项目，并根据共同特征形成了六组运动项目（球类运动、舞蹈、体操、武术、球拍类运动和游泳）。测量包括17项测试。独立样本t检验和曼-惠特尼U检验显示，各运动项目组之间差异不大，对中度和低度活跃组的判别分析未显示任何显著结果（p>.05）。然而，在对高度活跃的儿童进行区分时，发现六组运动项目之间的正确分类率为85.2%（威尔克斯Λ=.137，p<.001）。最后，在身体素质和运动协调性测试中表现低于平均水平的儿童每周运动时间（2.50±1.84小时）明显少于表现最佳的儿童（3.25±2.60小时）（p=.016）和表现高于平均水平的儿童（2.90±1.96小时）（p=.029）。
该研究表明，一般来说，年幼的儿童没有展现出特定运动项目的特征，高训练量的儿童除外。一方面，儿童可能在其运动项目上花费的时间还不足以发展出特定运动项目的特质。另一方面，他们在选择运动项目时可能没有考虑个人特质。
