Gilsing Anne M J, Schouten Leo J, Goldbohm R Alexandra, Dagnelie Pieter C, van den Brandt Piet A, Weijenberg Matty P
Department of Epidemiology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Sci Rep. 2015 Aug 28;5:13484. doi: 10.1038/srep13484.
To study how a vegetarian or low meat diet influences the risk of colorectal cancer compared to a high meat diet, and to assess the explanatory role of factors associated with these diets. In the Netherlands Cohort Study - Meat Investigation Cohort (NLCS-MIC) (cohort of 10,210 individuals including 1040 self-defined vegetarians), subjects completed a baseline questionnaire in 1986, based on which they were classified into vegetarians (n = 635), pescetarians (n = 360), 1 day/week- (n = 1259), 2-5 day/week- (n = 2703), and 6-7 day/week meat consumers (n = 5253). After 20.3 years of follow-up, 437 colorectal cancer cases (307 colon, 92 rectal) were available. A non-significantly decreased risk of CRC for vegetarians, pescetarians, and 1 day/week compared to 6-7 day/week meat consumers was observed (age/sex adjusted Hazard Ratios (HR): 0.73(0.47-1.13), 0.80(0.47-1.39), and 0.72(0.52-1.00), respectively). Most of the differences in HR between these groups could be explained by intake of dietary fiber and soy products. Other (non-)dietary factors characteristic for a vegetarian or low meat diet had negligible individual effects, but attenuated the HRs towards the null when combined. Vegetarians, pescetarians, and 1 day/week meat eaters showed a non-significantly decreased risk of colorectal cancer compared to 6-7 day/week meat consumers, mainly due to differences in dietary pattern other than meat intake.
为研究与高肉饮食相比，素食或低肉饮食如何影响结直肠癌风险，并评估与这些饮食相关因素的解释作用。在荷兰队列研究——肉类调查队列（NLCS-MIC）（10210名个体的队列，包括1040名自我定义的素食者）中，受试者于1986年完成了一份基线问卷，据此他们被分为素食者（n = 635）、鱼素者（n = 360）、每周1天吃肉者（n = 1259）、每周2 - 5天吃肉者（n = 2703）和每周6 - 7天吃肉者（n = 5253）。经过20.3年的随访，有437例结直肠癌病例（307例结肠癌，92例直肠癌）可供分析。与每周6 - 7天吃肉者相比，观察到素食者、鱼素者和每周1天吃肉者患结直肠癌的风险有非显著降低（年龄/性别调整后的风险比（HR）：分别为0.73（0.47 - 1.13）、0.80（0.47 - 1.39）和0.72（0.52 - 1.00））。这些组之间HR的大多数差异可由膳食纤维和大豆制品的摄入量来解释。素食或低肉饮食特有的其他（非）饮食因素个体影响可忽略不计，但合并后会使HR向无效值减弱。与每周6 - 7天吃肉者相比，素食者、鱼素者和每周1天吃肉者患结直肠癌的风险有非显著降低，主要是由于肉类摄入量以外的饮食模式差异。
