Kapteyn Arie, Lee Jinkook, Tassot Caroline, Vonkova Hana, Zamarro Gema
Center for Economic and Social Research (CESR), University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA USA.
Davis School of Gerontology and CESR, USC, and RAND Corporation, Los Angeles, CA USA.
Soc Indic Res. 2015;123(3):625-660. doi: 10.1007/s11205-014-0753-0. Epub 2014 Sep 13.
We use two waves of a population based survey (the RAND American Life Panel) to investigate the relations between various evaluative and experienced well-being measures based on the English Longitudinal Study of Aging, the Gallup Wellbeing Index, and a 12-item hedonic well-being module of the Health and Retirement Study. In a randomized set-up we administered several versions of the survey with different response scales. Using factor analysis, we find that all evaluative measures load on the same factor, but the positive and negative experienced affect measures load on different factors. We find evidence of an effect of response scales on both the estimated number of underlying factors and their relations with demographics. We conclude that finer response scales allowing more nuanced answers offer more reliability. The relation of evaluative and experienced measures with demographics are very different; perhaps the most striking aspect is the lack of a consistent relation of experienced well-being measures with income, while evaluative well-being is strongly positively related with income.
我们使用基于人口的调查（兰德美国生活面板）的两波数据，来研究基于英国老龄化纵向研究、盖洛普幸福指数以及健康与退休研究的一个12项享乐幸福模块的各种评估性和体验性幸福度量之间的关系。在一个随机设置中，我们实施了几个具有不同回答量表的调查版本。通过因子分析，我们发现所有评估性度量都加载在同一个因子上，但积极和消极的体验性情感度量加载在不同因子上。我们发现有证据表明回答量表对潜在因子的估计数量及其与人口统计学的关系都有影响。我们得出结论，允许更细微回答的更精细回答量表提供了更高的可靠性。评估性和体验性度量与人口统计学的关系非常不同；也许最显著的方面是体验性幸福度量与收入缺乏一致的关系，而评估性幸福与收入呈强烈正相关。
