Ma Xiaoguang, Liu Jihong, Hardin James W, Zhao Guang, Liese Angela D
Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Matern Child Health J. 2016 Jan;20(1):187-195. doi: 10.1007/s10995-015-1818-7.
Evidence of the association between food environment and birth outcomes is limited. This study aimed to examine the association between individual-level food access measures and birth outcomes.
All birth certificates (N = 15,786) from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2009 in eight counties in South Carolina were included. Access to food was evaluated by the distance to the nearest food store and the number of each type of store within a 1-mile (1.6-km) radius from the women's homes. Birth outcomes included birth weight, low birth weight, gestational age, and preterm birth (PTB).
A further distance to the nearest convenience store was associated with higher birth weight and gestational age. Birth weight in areas with two or more convenience stores within a 1-mile (1.6-km) buffer was less [two stores: β = -46.2, 95 % confidence interval (CI) -76.5, -15.9; three or more stores: β = -48.6, 95 % CI -78.8, -18.5], and gestational age was shorter in areas with one or two convenience stores (one store: β = -0.11, 95 % CI -0.21, -0.00; two or more stores: β = -0.13, 95 % CI -0.25, 0.00) than in areas without convenience stores in the neighborhood. Having three or more convenience stores in the neighborhood was associated with increased risk of PTB compared with no convenience stores. Accessibility and availability of supermarkets and grocery stores were not associated with any birth outcomes.
This analysis suggests that access to unhealthy foods is associated with adverse birth outcomes. Future investigations with more comprehensive measures of food environment are warranted.
食物环境与出生结局之间关联的证据有限。本研究旨在探讨个体层面的食物获取指标与出生结局之间的关联。
纳入了南卡罗来纳州八个县2008年1月1日至2009年12月31日期间的所有出生证明（N = 15786份）。通过测量距最近食品店的距离以及距女性住所1英里（1.6公里）半径范围内各类商店的数量来评估食物获取情况。出生结局包括出生体重、低出生体重、孕周和早产（PTB）。
距最近便利店的距离越远，出生体重和孕周越高。在1英里（1.6公里）缓冲区内有两家或更多便利店的地区，出生体重较低[两家店：β = -46.2，95%置信区间（CI）-76.5，-15.9；三家或更多店：β = -48.6，95% CI -78.8，-18.5]，且在有一家或两家便利店的地区（一家店：β = -0.11，95% CI -0.21，-0.00；两家或更多店：β = -0.13，95% CI -0.25，0.00），孕周比附近没有便利店的地区短。与附近没有便利店相比，附近有三家或更多便利店与早产风险增加相关。超市和杂货店的可达性和可及性与任何出生结局均无关联。
该分析表明，获取不健康食物与不良出生结局相关。有必要开展采用更全面食物环境测量方法的进一步研究。
