Xiao Wenmei, Wang Yu, Pacios Sandra, Li Shuai, Graves Dana T
Front Oral Biol. 2016;18:9-16. doi: 10.1159/000351895. Epub 2015 Nov 24.
Bone remodeling is a highly coordinated process responsible for bone resorption and formation. It is initiated and modulated by a number of factors including inflammation, changes in hormonal levels and lack of mechanical stimulation. Bone remodeling involves the removal of mineralized bone by osteoclasts followed by the formation of bone matrix through osteoblasts that subsequently becomes mineralized. In addition to the traditional bone cells (osteoclasts, osteoblasts and osteocytes) that are necessary for bone remodeling, several immune cells such as polymorphonuclear neutrophils, B cells and T cells have also been implicated in bone remodelling. Through the receptor activator of nuclear factor-x03BA;B/receptor activator of the NF-x03BA;B ligand/osteoprotegerin system the process of bone resorption is initiated and subsequent formation is tightly coupled. Mediators such as prostaglandins, interleukins, chemokines, leukotrienes, growth factors, wnt signalling and bone morphogenetic proteins are involved in the regulation of bone remodeling. We discuss here cells and mediators involved in the cellular and molecular machanisms of bone resorption and bone formation.
骨重塑是一个高度协调的过程，负责骨吸收和形成。它由多种因素启动和调节，包括炎症、激素水平变化和缺乏机械刺激。骨重塑包括破骨细胞去除矿化骨，随后成骨细胞形成骨基质，该基质随后矿化。除了骨重塑所必需的传统骨细胞（破骨细胞、成骨细胞和骨细胞）外，一些免疫细胞如多形核中性粒细胞、B细胞和T细胞也与骨重塑有关。通过核因子-κB受体激活剂/核因子-κB受体激活剂配体/骨保护素系统启动骨吸收过程，并使随后的形成紧密耦合。前列腺素、白细胞介素、趋化因子、白三烯、生长因子、Wnt信号和骨形态发生蛋白等介质参与骨重塑的调节。我们在此讨论参与骨吸收和骨形成的细胞及分子机制的细胞和介质。
