Kanady Jennifer C, Soehnera Adriane M, Harvey Allison G
Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
J Sleep Disord Ther. 2015 Mar 30;4(2). doi: 10.4172/2167-0277.1000193.
Sleep disturbance is a prevalent and clinically significant feature of bipolar disorder. However, there are aspects of sleep and bipolar disorder that have been minimally characterized. This study aims to fill several gaps in the literature by examining the prevalence, coexistence, and persistence of sleep disturbance retrospectively across a five-year period in bipolar disorder.
Fifty-one people with bipolar disorder I and comorbid insomnia who were currently inter-episode completed the NIMH Retrospective Life-Charting Methodology (the life chart). The life chart was used to document the prevalence, coexistence, and persistence of insomnia, hypersomnia, delayed sleep phase, reduced sleep need, and irregular sleep patterns across the course of five years.
Across the five year period, manic months were primarily characterized by reduced sleep need (62.8%) and insomnia (38.1%), depressive months by hypersomnia (56.0%) and insomnia (51.9%), mixed months by all five types of sleep disturbance, and inter-episode months by insomnia (67.4%). There was coexistence in the types of sleep disturbance experienced. Further, each type of sleep disturbance demonstrated persistence across the five years, with persistence rates being the highest for insomnia (49.0-58.8%).
Sleep disturbance is a prevalent and complex feature across mood episodes and inter-episode periods of bipolar disorder. Further, there is variation in the types of sleep disturbance experienced.
睡眠障碍是双相情感障碍的一个普遍且具有临床意义的特征。然而，睡眠与双相情感障碍的某些方面尚未得到充分描述。本研究旨在通过回顾性研究双相情感障碍患者五年间睡眠障碍的患病率、共存情况及持续性，填补文献中的若干空白。
51名患有I型双相情感障碍且合并失眠的患者，目前处于发作间期，他们完成了美国国立精神卫生研究所回顾性生活图表法（生活图表）。该生活图表用于记录五年间失眠、嗜睡、睡眠时相延迟、睡眠需求减少及睡眠模式不规律的患病率、共存情况及持续性。
在这五年期间，躁狂月份主要特征为睡眠需求减少（62.8%）和失眠（38.1%），抑郁月份为嗜睡（56.0%）和失眠（51.9%），混合发作月份为所有五种睡眠障碍类型，发作间期月份为失眠（67.4%）。所经历的睡眠障碍类型存在共存情况。此外，每种睡眠障碍类型在五年间均有持续性，失眠的持续率最高（49.0 - 58.8%）。
睡眠障碍是双相情感障碍情绪发作期及发作间期普遍且复杂的特征。此外，所经历的睡眠障碍类型存在差异。
