Harris Jesse A
Department of Linguistics, University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Front Psychol. 2015 Dec 18;6:1839. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01839. eCollection 2015.
In cue-based content-addressable approaches to memory, a target and its competitors are retrieved in parallel from memory via a fast, associative cue-matching procedure under a severely limited focus of attention. Such a parallel matching procedure could in principle ignore the serial order or hierarchical structure characteristic of linguistic relations. I present an eye tracking while reading experiment that investigates whether the sentential position of a potential antecedent modulates the strength of similarity-based interference, a well-studied effect in which increased similarity in features between a target and its competitors results in slower and less accurate retrieval overall. The manipulation trades on an independently established Locality bias in sluiced structures to associate a wh-remnant (which ones) in clausal ellipsis with the most local correlate (some wines), as in The tourists enjoyed some wines, but I don't know which ones. The findings generally support cue-based parsing models of sentence processing that are subject to similarity-based interference in retrieval, and provide additional support to the growing body of evidence that retrieval is sensitive to both the structural position of a target antecedent and its competitors, and the specificity or diagnosticity of retrieval cues.
在基于线索的内容可寻址记忆方法中，通过快速的关联线索匹配程序，在注意力高度受限的情况下，从记忆中并行检索目标及其竞争项。这样的并行匹配程序原则上可以忽略语言关系的序列顺序或层次结构特征。我进行了一项阅读时的眼动追踪实验，研究潜在先行词的句子位置是否会调节基于相似性的干扰强度，这是一种经过充分研究的效应，即目标与其竞争项之间特征相似度的增加会导致总体检索速度变慢且准确性降低。该操作利用了在省略结构中独立确立的局部性偏差，将从句省略中的疑问残项（哪些）与最局部的相关项（一些葡萄酒）联系起来，例如“游客们品尝了一些葡萄酒，但我不知道是哪些”。研究结果总体上支持句子处理的基于线索的句法分析模型，该模型在检索中会受到基于相似性的干扰，并为越来越多的证据提供了额外支持，这些证据表明检索对目标先行词及其竞争项的结构位置以及检索线索的特异性或诊断性都很敏感。
