按摩与运动表现恢复：一项元分析综述
Massage and Performance Recovery: A Meta-Analytical Review.
作者信息
Poppendieck Wigand, Wegmann Melissa, Ferrauti Alexander, Kellmann Michael, Pfeiffer Mark, Meyer Tim
机构信息
Institute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
Department Medical Engineering and Neuroprosthetics, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Ensheimer Strasse 48, 66386, St. Ingbert, Germany.
出版信息
Sports Med. 2016 Feb;46(2):183-204. doi: 10.1007/s40279-015-0420-x.
BACKGROUND
Post-exercise massage is one of the most frequently applied interventions to enhance recovery of athletes. However, evidence to support the efficacy of massage for performance recovery is scarce. Moreover, it has not yet been concluded under which conditions massage is effective.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature on massage for performance recovery.
METHODS
We conducted a structured literature search and located 22 randomized controlled trials. These were analysed with respect to performance effects and various characteristics of the study design (type and duration of massage, type of exercise and performance test, duration of recovery period, training status of subjects).
RESULTS
Of the 22 studies, 5 used techniques of automated massage (e.g., vibration), while the other 17 used classic manual massage. A tendency was found for shorter massage (5-12 min) to have larger effects (+6.6%, g = 0.34) than massage lasting more than 12 min (+1.0%, g = 0.06). The effects were larger for short-term recovery of up to 10 min (+7.9%, g = 0.45) than for recovery periods of more than 20 min (+2.4%, g = 0.08). Although after high-intensity mixed exercise, massage yielded medium positive effects (+14.4%, g = 0.61), the effects after strength exercise (+3.9%, g = 0.18) and endurance exercise (+1.3%, g = 0.12) were smaller. Moreover, a tendency was found for untrained subjects to benefit more from massage (+6.5%, g = 0.23) than trained athletes (+2.3%, g = 0.17).
CONCLUSION
The effects of massage on performance recovery are rather small and partly unclear, but can be relevant under appropriate circumstances (short-term recovery after intensive mixed training). However, it remains questionable if the limited effects justify the widespread use of massage as a recovery intervention in competitive athletes.
背景
运动后按摩是提高运动员恢复能力最常用的干预措施之一。然而，支持按摩对运动表现恢复有效性的证据很少。此外，尚未确定按摩在何种条件下有效。
目的
本研究的目的是对关于按摩促进运动表现恢复的现有文献进行系统综述和荟萃分析。
方法
我们进行了结构化文献检索，找到了22项随机对照试验。对这些试验的运动表现效果和研究设计的各种特征（按摩类型和持续时间、运动类型和表现测试、恢复期持续时间、受试者训练状态）进行了分析。
结果
在22项研究中，5项使用了自动按摩技术（如振动），而其他17项使用了传统手动按摩。研究发现，持续时间较短（5 - 12分钟）的按摩效果（+6.6%，g = 0.34）往往大于持续时间超过12分钟的按摩（+1.0%，g = 0.06）。短期恢复（长达10分钟）的效果（+7.9%，g = 0.45）大于恢复时间超过20分钟的效果（+2.4%，g = 0.08）。虽然在高强度混合运动后，按摩产生了中等程度的积极效果（+14.4%，g = 0.61），但力量运动（+3.9%，g = 0.18）和耐力运动（+1.3%，g = 0.12）后的效果较小。此外，研究发现未经训练的受试者比训练有素的运动员从按摩中获益更多（+6.5%，g = 0.23）（+2.3%，g = 0.17）。
结论
按摩对运动表现恢复的效果相当小且部分不明确，但在适当情况下（高强度混合训练后的短期恢复）可能具有相关性。然而，有限的效果是否足以证明在竞技运动员中广泛使用按摩作为恢复干预措施仍值得怀疑。
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