Almeida Susana, Alves Marco G, Sousa Mário, Oliveira Pedro F, Silva Branca M
Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal.
Neurotox Res. 2016 Oct;30(3):345-66. doi: 10.1007/s12640-015-9590-4. Epub 2016 Jan 8.
Life expectancy of most human populations has greatly increased as a result of factors including better hygiene, medical practice, and nutrition. Unfortunately, as humans age, they become more prone to suffer from neurodegenerative diseases and neurotoxicity. Polyphenols can be cheaply and easily obtained as part of a healthy diet. They present a wide range of biological activities, many of which have relevance for human health. Compelling evidence has shown that dietary phytochemicals, particularly polyphenols, have properties that may suppress neuroinflammation and prevent toxic and degenerative effects in the brain. The mechanisms by which polyphenols exert their action are not fully understood, but it is clear that they have a direct effect through their antioxidant activities. They have also been shown to modulate intracellular signaling cascades, including the PI3K-Akt, MAPK, Nrf2, and MEK pathways. Polyphenols also interact with a range of neurotransmitters, illustrating that these compounds can promote their health benefits in the brain through a direct, indirect, or complex action. We discuss whether polyphenols obtained from diet or food supplements are an effective strategy to prevent or treat neurodegeneration. We also discuss the safety, mechanisms of action, and the current and future relevance of polyphenols in clinical treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. As populations age, it is important to discuss the dietary strategies to avoid or counteract the effects of incurable neurodegenerative disorders, which already represent an enormous financial and emotional burden for health care systems, patients, and their families.
由于包括更好的卫生条件、医疗实践和营养等因素，大多数人群的预期寿命大幅提高。不幸的是，随着人类年龄的增长，他们更容易患上神经退行性疾病和神经毒性疾病。多酚类物质作为健康饮食的一部分，可以廉价且容易地获得。它们具有广泛的生物活性，其中许多与人类健康相关。有力的证据表明，膳食植物化学物质，特别是多酚类物质，具有可能抑制神经炎症并预防大脑中毒性和退行性影响的特性。多酚类物质发挥作用的机制尚未完全了解，但很明显它们通过抗氧化活性产生直接作用。它们还被证明可以调节细胞内信号级联反应，包括PI3K-Akt、MAPK、Nrf2和MEK途径。多酚类物质还与一系列神经递质相互作用，说明这些化合物可以通过直接、间接或复杂的作用在大脑中促进其健康益处。我们讨论从饮食或食品补充剂中获取的多酚类物质是否是预防或治疗神经退行性变的有效策略。我们还讨论了多酚类物质在神经退行性疾病临床治疗中的安全性、作用机制以及当前和未来的相关性。随着人口老龄化，讨论避免或抵消无法治愈的神经退行性疾病影响的饮食策略非常重要，这些疾病已经给医疗保健系统、患者及其家庭带来了巨大的经济和情感负担。
