McGuire Sarah, Müller Uwe, Elmenhorst Eva-Maria, Basner Mathias
Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
Division of Flight Physiology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany.
Sleep. 2016 May 1;39(5):1107-10. doi: 10.5665/sleep.5764.
Environmental noise exposure disturbs sleep and impairs recuperation, and may contribute to the increased risk for (cardiovascular) disease. Noise policy and regulation are usually based on average responses despite potentially large inter-individual differences in the effects of traffic noise on sleep. In this analysis, we investigated what percentage of the total variance in noise-induced awakening reactions can be explained by stable inter-individual differences.
We investigated 69 healthy subjects polysomnographically (mean ± standard deviation 40 ± 13 years, range 18-68 years, 32 male) in this randomized, balanced, double-blind, repeated measures laboratory study. This study included one adaptation night, 9 nights with exposure to 40, 80, or 120 road, rail, and/or air traffic noise events (including one noise-free control night), and one recovery night.
Mixed-effects models of variance controlling for reaction probability in noise-free control nights, age, sex, number of noise events, and study night showed that 40.5% of the total variance in awakening probability and 52.0% of the total variance in EEG arousal probability were explained by inter-individual differences. If the data set was restricted to nights (4 exposure nights with 80 noise events per night), 46.7% of the total variance in awakening probability and 57.9% of the total variance in EEG arousal probability were explained by inter-individual differences. The results thus demonstrate that, even in this relatively homogeneous, healthy, adult study population, a considerable amount of the variance observed in noise-induced sleep disturbance can be explained by inter-individual differences that cannot be explained by age, gender, or specific study design aspects.
It will be important to identify those at higher risk for noise induced sleep disturbance. Furthermore, the custom to base noise policy and legislation on average responses should be re-assessed based on these findings.
环境噪声暴露会干扰睡眠并损害恢复能力，可能导致（心血管）疾病风险增加。尽管交通噪声对睡眠的影响存在潜在的个体差异，但噪声政策和法规通常基于平均反应。在本分析中，我们研究了噪声诱发觉醒反应的总方差中，有多大比例可由个体间稳定差异来解释。
在这项随机、平衡、双盲、重复测量的实验室研究中，我们对69名健康受试者进行了多导睡眠图检查（平均±标准差为40±13岁，年龄范围18 - 68岁，32名男性）。本研究包括一个适应夜、9个暴露于40、80或120次道路、铁路和/或空中交通噪声事件的夜晚（包括一个无噪声对照夜）以及一个恢复夜。
在控制无噪声对照夜的反应概率、年龄、性别、噪声事件数量和研究夜的方差混合效应模型中，个体间差异解释了觉醒概率总方差的40.5%和脑电图觉醒概率总方差的52.0%。如果将数据集限制在夜晚（4个暴露夜，每晚80次噪声事件），个体间差异解释了觉醒概率总方差的46.7%和脑电图觉醒概率总方差的57.9%。因此，结果表明，即使在这个相对同质、健康的成年研究人群中，噪声诱发睡眠障碍中观察到的相当一部分方差可以由年龄、性别或特定研究设计方面无法解释的个体间差异来解释。
识别那些噪声诱发睡眠障碍风险较高的人群非常重要。此外，应根据这些发现重新评估基于平均反应制定噪声政策和法规的惯例。
