German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne, Germany.
Sleep. 2011 Jan 1;34(1):11-23. doi: 10.1093/sleep/34.1.11.
Traffic noise disturbs sleep and may impair recuperation. There is limited information on single and combined effects of air, road, and rail traffic noise on sleep and recuperation.
Repeated measures.
Polysomnographic laboratory study.
72 healthy subjects, mean ± standard deviation 40 ± 13 years, range 18-71 years, 32 male.
Exposure to 40, 80, or 120 rail, road, and/or air traffic noise events.
Subjects were investigated for 11 consecutive nights, which included 8 noise exposure nights and one noise-free control night. Noise effects on sleep structure and continuity were subtle, even in nights with combined exposure, most likely because of habituation and an increase in arousal thresholds both within and across nights. However, cardiac arousals did not habituate across nights. Noise exposure significantly affected subjective assessments of sleep quality and recuperation, whereas objective performance was unaffected, except for a small increase in mean PVT reaction time (+4 ms, adjusted P < 0.05). Road traffic noise led to the strongest changes in sleep structure and continuity, whereas subjective assessments of sleep were worse after nights with air and rail traffic noise exposure. In contrast to daytime annoyance, cortical arousal probabilities and cardiac responses were significantly lower for air than for road and rail traffic noise (all P < 0.0001). These differences were explained by sound pressure level rise time and high frequency (> 3 kHz) noise event components.
Road, rail, and air traffic noise differentially affect objective and subjective assessments of sleep. Differences in the degree of noise-induced sleep fragmentation between traffic modes were explained by the specific spectral and temporal composition of noise events, indicating potential targets for active and passive noise control. Field studies are needed to validate our findings in a setting with higher ecologic validity.
交通噪音会干扰睡眠并可能影响恢复。关于空气、道路和铁路交通噪音对睡眠和恢复的单一和综合影响的信息有限。
重复测量。
多导睡眠图实验室研究。
72 名健康受试者，平均值±标准差 40±13 岁，范围 18-71 岁，32 名男性。
暴露于 40、80 或 120 个铁路、道路和/或航空交通噪音事件。
受试者连续 11 晚进行调查，包括 8 个噪声暴露晚和一个无噪声控制晚。即使在联合暴露的晚上，噪声对睡眠结构和连续性的影响也很细微，这很可能是由于习惯形成和唤醒阈值在夜间内和跨夜间都增加。然而，心脏唤醒并未跨夜间习惯形成。噪声暴露显著影响睡眠质量和恢复的主观评估，而客观表现不受影响，除了平均 PVT 反应时间略有增加（+4ms，调整后的 P<0.05）。道路交通噪声对睡眠结构和连续性的影响最大，而在空气和铁路交通噪声暴露的晚上，睡眠的主观评估更差。与白天的烦恼相反，皮质唤醒概率和心脏反应对于空气噪声比道路和铁路交通噪声要低得多（均 P<0.0001）。这些差异可以通过声压级上升时间和高频（>3kHz）噪声事件成分来解释。
道路、铁路和航空交通噪声对睡眠的客观和主观评估有不同的影响。交通模式之间噪声引起的睡眠碎片化程度的差异可以通过噪声事件的特定频谱和时间组成来解释，这表明主动和被动噪声控制的潜在目标。需要进行现场研究来验证我们在具有更高生态有效性的环境中的发现。
