SRC-50, National Transportation Safety Board, Washington, DC, USA.
Formerly National Transportation Safety Board, Washington, DC, USA.
Inj Prev. 2017 Aug;23(4):232-238. doi: 10.1136/injuryprev-2015-041791. Epub 2016 Feb 29.
We aim to place into the scientific literature information on the prevalence of operator fatigue as a factor in causing transportation mishaps, and the categories of improvements identified to address fatigue in transportation.
We analyzed the number of major National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) investigations that identified fatigue as a probable cause, contributing factor, or a finding. We divided all NTSB recommendations addressing fatigue issued since the agency was founded into 7 subject categories, and placed each recommendation into the appropriate category. This information was then analyzed to determine the number of recommendations in each category, both overall and by transportation mode. Analysis was also performed regarding the types of organizations that received the recommendations, whether the recommended actions have been taken, and the NTSB's evaluation of whether the action taken satisfied a given recommendation.
We reviewed 182 major NTSB investigations completed between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2012 and found that 20% of these investigations identified fatigue as a probable cause, contributing factor, or a finding. The presence of fatigue varied between among the modes of transportation, ranging from 40% of highway investigations to 4% of marine investigations. The first NTSB recommendation to address the safety risks associated with human fatigue was issued over 40 years ago, in 1972. Since then, the NTSB has issued 205 separate fatigue-specific recommendations. Scheduling policies and practices was the most common subject category accounting for 40% of all recommendations issued. Federal agencies received 54% of all recommendations, with 22% to transportation operators, and 16% to associations. Of all NTSB fatigue recommendations, 24% were open ranging from a low of 9% in highway to 39% in aviation. Overall, only 3% of open recommendations were classified "unacceptable," whereas 16% of all closed recommendations were classified "unacceptable."
Although there has been over 100 years of progress in recognizing and addressing the safety risk posed by human fatigue in transportation, 20% of recent NTSB investigations have identified fatigue as a probable cause, contributing factor or finding. This analysis represents the first-ever examination of fatigue identified in major NTSB investigations across modes and of the focus, recipients, and classification status of fatigue-related safety recommendations. It demonstrates that fatigue remains a significant transportation safety risk.
我们旨在将操作人员疲劳作为导致运输事故的因素之一，以及为解决运输中的疲劳而确定的改进类别，这些信息纳入科学文献。
我们分析了美国国家运输安全委员会（NTSB）确定疲劳为可能原因、促成因素或发现的主要调查数量。我们将自该机构成立以来发布的所有涉及疲劳的 NTSB 建议分为 7 个主题类别，并将每项建议归入适当的类别。然后对这些信息进行分析，以确定每个类别的建议数量，包括整体数量和按运输方式划分的数量。还分析了收到建议的组织类型、建议的行动是否已经采取，以及 NTSB 对所采取的行动是否满足特定建议的评估。
我们审查了 2001 年 1 月 1 日至 2012 年 12 月 31 日期间完成的 182 项主要 NTSB 调查，发现其中 20%的调查将疲劳确定为可能原因、促成因素或发现。疲劳的存在在不同运输模式之间有所不同，从 40%的公路调查到 4%的海洋调查不等。解决与人类疲劳相关的安全风险的第一个 NTSB 建议是在 40 多年前，即 1972 年发布的。从那时起，NTSB 发布了 205 项单独的专门针对疲劳的建议。调度政策和实践是最常见的主题类别，占所有发布建议的 40%。联邦机构收到了所有建议的 54%，其中 22%给了运输运营商，16%给了协会。在所有 NTSB 疲劳建议中，24%为未关闭建议，范围从公路的 9%到航空的 39%。总体而言，只有 3%的未关闭建议被归类为“不可接受”，而 16%的已关闭建议被归类为“不可接受”。
尽管在认识和解决运输中人的疲劳带来的安全风险方面已经取得了 100 多年的进展，但在最近的 NTSB 调查中，仍有 20%将疲劳确定为可能原因、促成因素或发现。本分析代表了对跨模式的主要 NTSB 调查中确定的疲劳以及与疲劳相关的安全建议的重点、接受者和分类状态的首次检查。它表明疲劳仍然是一个重大的运输安全风险。
