Chen Guang X, Karl Sieber W, Collins James W, Hitchcock Edward M, Lincoln Jennifer E, Pratt Stephanie G, Sweeney Marie H
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, WV, USA.
CDC, NIOSH, Division of Field Studies and Engineering, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Saf Sci. 2021 Jan;133. doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2020.105003.
The study objectives were to examine U.S. long-haul truck drivers (LHTDs)' opinions on their safety needs and to assess the associations of driver reported unrealistically tight delivery schedules with: (1) their opinions on their compensation, maximum speed limits, and Hours-of-Service (HOS) regulations, and (2) their behaviors of noncompliance with these safety laws and regulations.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health analyzed data from its 2010 national survey of LHTD health and injury. A total of 1,265 drivers completed the survey. Logistic regression was used to examine the associations between driver reported unrealistically tight delivery schedule and their opinion on safety and unsafe driving behaviors.
Drivers who reported often receiving an unrealistically tight delivery schedule (an estimated 15.5% of LHTDs) were significantly more likely than drivers who reported never receiving an unrealistically tight delivery schedule to report that: (1) increasing the current maximum speed limit on interstate highways by 10 miles per hour (mph) would improve safety (odds ratio (OR) = 2.1); (2) strictly enforcing HOS rules would not improve safety (OR = 1.8); (3) they often drove 10 mph or more over the speed limit (OR = 7.5); (4) HOS regulations were often violated (OR = 10.9); (5) they often continued to drive despite fatigue, bad weather, or heavy traffic because their must delivery or pick up a load at a given time (OR = 7.5); and (6) their work was never adequately rewarded (OR = 4.5). When presented with 11 potential safety strategies, the largest percentage of LHTDs (95.4%) selected that building more truck stops/parking areas would improve truck driver safety.
Driver reported unrealistically tight delivery schedules are associated with drivers' beliefs in safety laws/regulations and risk-taking behaviors. LHTDs see building more truck stops/rest areas as the most wanted safety need among the 11 potential safety strategies that were asked about in the survey.
本研究的目的是调查美国长途卡车司机（LHTDs）对其安全需求的看法，并评估司机报告的不切实际的紧凑交货时间表与以下方面的关联：（1）他们对薪酬、最高限速和服务时长（HOS）规定的看法；（2）他们违反这些安全法律法规的行为。
美国国家职业安全与健康研究所分析了其2010年全国长途卡车司机健康与伤害调查的数据。共有1265名司机完成了调查。采用逻辑回归分析来研究司机报告的不切实际的紧凑交货时间表与他们对安全和不安全驾驶行为的看法之间的关联。
报告经常收到不切实际的紧凑交货时间表的司机（估计占长途卡车司机的15.5%）比报告从未收到不切实际的紧凑交货时间表的司机更有可能报告：（1）将州际公路当前的最高限速提高10英里/小时（mph）会提高安全性（优势比（OR）=2.1）；（2）严格执行服务时长规则不会提高安全性（OR = 1.8）；（3）他们经常以超过限速10 mph或更高的速度驾驶（OR = 7.5）；（4）经常违反服务时长规定（OR = 10.9）；（5）他们经常不顾疲劳、恶劣天气或交通拥堵继续驾驶，因为他们必须在特定时间交货或装货（OR = 7.5）；以及（6）他们的工作从未得到充分回报（OR = 4.5）。当列出11种潜在的安全策略时，最大比例的长途卡车司机（95.4%）选择增加更多的卡车停靠站/停车区域会提高卡车司机的安全性。
司机报告的不切实际的紧凑交货时间表与司机对安全法律法规的看法和冒险行为有关。在调查中询问的11种潜在安全策略中，长途卡车司机认为增加更多的卡车停靠站/休息区是最迫切的安全需求。
