Smith-Spark James H, Henry Lucy A, Messer David J, Edvardsdottir Elisa, Zięcik Adam P
London South Bank University, London, UK.
City University, London, UK.
Res Dev Disabil. 2016 Jun-Jul;53-54:323-41. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2016.03.001. Epub 2016 Mar 10.
Executive functioning (EF) deficits are well recognized in developmental dyslexia, yet the majority of studies have concerned children rather than adults, ignored the subjective experience of the individual with dyslexia (with regard to their own EFs), and have not followed current theoretical perspectives on EFs.
The current study addressed these shortfalls by administering a self-report measure of EF (BRIEF-A; Roth, Isquith, & Gioia, 2005) and experimental tasks to IQ-matched groups of adults with and without dyslexia. The laboratory-based tasks tested the three factors constituting the framework of EF proposed by Miyake et al. (2000).
In comparison to the group without dyslexia, the participants with dyslexia self-reported more frequent EF problems in day-to-day life, with these difficulties centering on metacognitive processes (working memory, planning, task monitoring, and organization) rather than on the regulation of emotion and behaviour. The participants with dyslexia showed significant deficits in EF (inhibition, set shifting, and working memory).
The findings indicated that dyslexia-related problems have an impact on the daily experience of adults with the condition. Further, EF difficulties are present in adulthood across a range of laboratory-based measures, and, given the nature of the experimental tasks presented, extend beyond difficulties related solely to phonological processing.
执行功能（EF）缺陷在发育性阅读障碍中已得到充分认识，但大多数研究关注的是儿童而非成人，忽视了阅读障碍个体的主观体验（关于他们自己的执行功能），并且没有遵循当前关于执行功能的理论观点。
本研究通过对智商匹配的成年阅读障碍组和非阅读障碍组进行执行功能的自我报告测量（BRIEF - A；罗斯、伊斯奎思和乔亚，2005年）以及实验任务，解决了这些不足。基于实验室的任务测试了由宫下等人（2000年）提出的构成执行功能框架的三个因素。
与非阅读障碍组相比，阅读障碍组参与者在日常生活中自我报告的执行功能问题更频繁，这些困难集中在元认知过程（工作记忆、计划、任务监控和组织）上，而不是情绪和行为的调节上。阅读障碍组参与者在执行功能（抑制、任务转换和工作记忆）方面存在显著缺陷。
研究结果表明，与阅读障碍相关的问题会影响成年患者的日常体验。此外，在成年期，基于一系列实验室测量方法均发现存在执行功能困难，并且，鉴于所呈现实验任务的性质，这些困难不仅限于与语音处理相关的问题。
