Syrad H, Llewellyn C H, van Jaarsveld C H M, Johnson L, Jebb S A, Wardle J
1Department of Epidemiology and Public Health,Health Behaviour Research Centre,University College London,Gower Street,London WC1E 6BT,UK.
2Department for Health Evidence & Department of Primary and Community Care,Radboud University Medical Center,PO Box 9101,6500 HB Nijmegen,The Netherlands.
Br J Nutr. 2016 May 28;115(10):1843-50. doi: 10.1017/S0007114516000957.
Data on the diets of young children in the UK are limited, despite growing evidence of the importance of early diet for long-term health. We used the largest contemporary dietary data set to describe the intake of 21-month-old children in the UK. Parents of 2336 children aged 21 months from the UK Gemini twin cohort completed 3-d diet diaries in 2008/2009. Family background information was obtained from questionnaires completed 8 months after birth. Mean total daily intakes of energy, macronutrients (g and %E) and micronutrients from food and beverages, including and excluding supplements, were derived. Comparisons with UK dietary reference values (DRV) were made using t tests and general linear regression models, respectively. Daily energy intake (kJ), protein (g) and most micronutrients exceeded DRV, except for vitamin D and Fe, where 96 or 84 % and 70 or 6 % of children did not achieve the reference nutrient intake or lower reference nutrient intake (LRNI), respectively, even with supplementation. These findings reflect similar observations in the smaller sample of children aged 18-36 months in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey. At a population level, young children in the UK are exceeding recommended daily intakes of energy and protein, potentially increasing their risk of obesity. The majority of children are not meeting the LRNI for vitamin D, largely reflecting inadequate use of the supplements recommended at this age. Parents may need more guidance on how to achieve healthy energy and nutrient intakes for young children.
尽管越来越多的证据表明早期饮食对长期健康至关重要，但英国幼儿饮食方面的数据却很有限。我们使用了当代最大的饮食数据集来描述英国21个月大儿童的摄入量。来自英国双子座双胞胎队列的2336名21个月大儿童的父母在2008/2009年完成了3天的饮食日记。家庭背景信息是通过出生后8个月填写的问卷获得的。得出了包括和不包括补充剂在内的食物和饮料中能量、宏量营养素（克和能量百分比）和微量营养素的每日平均总摄入量。分别使用t检验和一般线性回归模型与英国饮食参考值（DRV）进行比较。每日能量摄入量（千焦）、蛋白质（克）和大多数微量营养素超过了DRV，但维生素D和铁除外，即使补充了这些营养素，仍分别有96%或84%的儿童未达到参考营养素摄入量或更低参考营养素摄入量（LRNI）。这些发现与全国饮食与营养调查中18至36个月大儿童的较小样本中的类似观察结果相符。在人群层面上，英国幼儿的每日能量和蛋白质摄入量超过了建议值，这可能会增加他们肥胖的风险。大多数儿童未达到维生素D的LRNI，这在很大程度上反映了这个年龄段推荐补充剂的使用不足。父母可能需要更多关于如何让幼儿实现健康能量和营养素摄入的指导。
