Franchak John M, Heeger David J, Hasson Uri, Adolph Karen E
Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside.
Department of Psychology and Center for Neural Science, New York University.
Infancy. 2016 Apr 1;21(3):262-287. doi: 10.1111/infa.12119. Epub 2015 Oct 30.
The current study investigated age differences in free viewing gaze behavior. Adults and 6-, 9-, 12-, and 24-month-old infants watched a 60-s video clip while their eye movements were recorded. Adults displayed high inter-subject consistency in eye movements; they tended to fixate the same places at the same. Infants showed weaker consistency between observers and inter-subject consistency increased with age. Across age groups, the influence of both bottom-up features (fixating visually-salient areas) and top-down features (looking at faces) increased. Moreover, individual differences in fixating bottom-up and top-down features predicted whether infants' eye movements were consistent with those of adults, even when controlling for age. However, this relation was moderated by the number of faces available in the scene, suggesting that the development of adult-like viewing involves learning when to prioritize looking at bottom-up and top-down features.
当前的研究调查了自由观看注视行为中的年龄差异。成人以及6个月、9个月、12个月和24个月大的婴儿观看一段60秒的视频片段，同时记录他们的眼动情况。成人在眼动方面表现出较高的个体间一致性；他们倾向于在相同的时间注视相同的位置。婴儿在观察者之间表现出较弱的一致性，且个体间一致性随年龄增长而增加。在所有年龄组中，自下而上特征（注视视觉显著区域）和自上而下特征（看脸）的影响都有所增加。此外，即使在控制年龄的情况下，注视自下而上和自上而下特征的个体差异也能预测婴儿的眼动是否与成人一致。然而，这种关系受到场景中面部数量的调节，这表明类似成人的观看发展涉及到学习何时优先注视自下而上和自上而下的特征。
