Van Cuong Nguyen, Nhung Nguyen Thi, Nghia Nguyen Huu, Mai Hoa Nguyen Thi, Trung Nguyen Vinh, Thwaites Guy, Carrique-Mas Juan
Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, 764 Vo Van Kiet, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Pietersbergweg 17, 1105 BM, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Ecohealth. 2016 Sep;13(3):490-498. doi: 10.1007/s10393-016-1130-z. Epub 2016 May 19.
Antimicrobials are extensively used as growth promoters in animal feeds worldwide, but reliable estimates are lacking. We conducted an internet-based survey of commercial chicken and pig feed products officially approved for sale in Vietnam over the period March-June 2015. Information on the antimicrobial contents in feed products, alongside animal production data, was used to estimate in-feed antimicrobial consumption to produce one kilogram of live animal (chicken, pig), as well as to estimate country-wide antimicrobial consumption through animal feeds. A total of 1462 commercial feed formulations were examined. The survey-adjusted estimated antimicrobial contents were 25.7 and 62.3 mg/kg in chicken and pig feeds, respectively. Overall, it was estimated that 77.4 mg [95% CI 48.1-106.8] and 286.6 mg [95% CI 191.6-418.3] of in-feed antimicrobials were used to raise 1 kg of live chicken and pig, respectively. Bacitracin (15.5% feeds), chlortetracycline (11.4%), and enramycin (10.8%) were the most common antimicrobials present in chicken feed formulations, whereas bacitracin (24.8%), chlortetracycline (23.9%), and florfenicol (17.4%) were the most common in pig feed formulations. Overall, 57% of the total quantitative usage consisted of antimicrobials regarded by WHO of importance for human medicine, including amoxicillin, colistin, tetracyclines, neomycin, lincomycin, and bacitracin. These figures confirm a very high magnitude of in-feed consumption of antimicrobials, especially in pig production. Results from this study should encourage further monitoring of antimicrobials used in animal production, and foster discussion about existing policies on inclusion of antimicrobials in animal feed rations.
抗菌药物在全球范围内被广泛用作动物饲料中的生长促进剂，但缺乏可靠的估计数据。我们于2015年3月至6月期间，对越南官方批准销售的商业鸡饲料和猪饲料产品进行了一项基于互联网的调查。利用饲料产品中的抗菌药物含量信息以及动物生产数据，来估算生产1千克活体动物（鸡、猪）的饲料中抗菌药物的消费量，并估算全国范围内通过动物饲料的抗菌药物消费量。总共检查了1462种商业饲料配方。经调查调整后的鸡饲料和猪饲料中抗菌药物估计含量分别为25.7毫克/千克和62.3毫克/千克。总体而言，估计分别需要77.4毫克[95%置信区间48.1 - 106.8]和286.6毫克[95%置信区间191.6 - 418.3]的饲料中抗菌药物来饲养1千克活鸡和活猪。杆菌肽（占饲料的15.5%）、金霉素（11.4%）和恩拉霉素（10.8%）是鸡饲料配方中最常见的抗菌药物；而杆菌肽（24.8%）、金霉素（23.9%）和氟苯尼考（17.4%）是猪饲料配方中最常见的抗菌药物。总体而言，抗菌药物总定量使用量的57%由世界卫生组织认为对人类医学重要的抗菌药物组成，包括阿莫西林、黏菌素、四环素、新霉素、林可霉素和杆菌肽。这些数据证实了饲料中抗菌药物的消费量非常高，尤其是在养猪生产中。本研究结果应鼓励进一步监测动物生产中使用的抗菌药物，并促进对动物饲料中添加抗菌药物的现有政策的讨论。
