Division of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR 97006, United States.
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2017 May;1863(5):1147-1155. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.05.025. Epub 2016 Jun 3.
The evolutionary transition from hunting to farming was associated with introduction of carbohydrate-rich diets. Today, the increased consumption of simple sugars and high-fat food brought about by Western-style diet and physical inactivity are leading causes of the growing obesity epidemic in the Western society. The extension of human lifespan far beyond reproductive age increased the burden of metabolic disorders associated with overnutrition and age-related hypogonadism. Sex steroids are essential regulators of both reproductive function and energy metabolism, whereas their imbalance causes infertility, obesity, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, and increased appetite. Clinical and translational studies suggest that dietary restriction and weight control can improve metabolic and reproductive outcomes of sex hormone-related pathologies, including testosterone deficiency in men and natural menopause and hyperandrogenemia in women. Minimizing metabolic and reproductive decline through rationally designed diet and exercise can help extend human reproductive age and promote healthy aging. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Quality in Diabetes/Obesity and Critical Illness Spectrum of Diseases - edited by P. Hemachandra Reddy.
从狩猎到农耕的进化转变与富含碳水化合物的饮食的引入有关。如今，由于西方饮食和缺乏体力活动，简单糖和高脂肪食物的消费增加，是导致西方社会肥胖流行日益严重的主要原因。人类寿命远远超过生殖年龄，增加了与营养过剩和与年龄相关的性腺功能减退症相关的代谢紊乱的负担。性激素是生殖功能和能量代谢的重要调节剂，而它们的失衡会导致不孕、肥胖、葡萄糖不耐受、血脂异常和食欲增加。临床和转化研究表明，饮食限制和体重控制可以改善与性激素相关的病理的代谢和生殖结果，包括男性的睾丸激素缺乏、女性的自然绝经和高雄激素血症。通过合理设计的饮食和运动来最小化代谢和生殖衰退，可以帮助延长人类的生殖年龄并促进健康衰老。本文是一个特刊的一部分，该特刊题为：糖尿病/肥胖症和危急疾病谱中的氧化应激和线粒体质量 - 由 P. Hemachandra Reddy 编辑。
