Kappel Nanna, Toth Eva, Tegner Jette, Lauridsen Sigurd
Department of Nursing, Metropolitan University College, Copenhagen, Denmark.
COWI, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
Harm Reduct J. 2016 Jun 16;13(1):20. doi: 10.1186/s12954-016-0109-y.
Drug use contributes to higher rates of morbidity and mortality among people who use drugs compared to the general population. In 2012, Danish politicians passed a law that allowed drug consumption rooms (DCRs) to operate; among the objectives were to improve the well-being of vulnerable citizens and to reduce the number of overdoses. Five Danish DCRs are currently being operated. This article presents results from a national investigation focused on assessing the impact of Danish drug consumption rooms on the health and well-being of DCR clients and factors facilitating the acceptance of DCR clients in order to improve their health and refer them onward to social and health service providers.
We conducted 250 h of participant observation in the DCRs, followed by in-depth qualitative interviews with 42 DCR clients and 25 staff members. Field notes and interviews were analysed and coded, and themes have been developed.
DCR clients experienced a sense of social acceptance while inside DCRs. Members of staff conveyed a welcoming, non-judgemental attitude, and DCR clients were predominantly satisfied with the facilities. They prioritized forging relations with drug users so as to foster a sense of social acceptance within DCRs. The primary goal of staff members is to prevent overdoses by informing clients about strong drugs and by intervening in cases of intoxication. DCRs provide security to clients. In cases of health-related problems, DCR clients were referred to local health clinics. Members of the staff build bridges for DCR clients by guiding them towards drug treatment programmes and services in the social and the health sectors.
The study reveals a consistency between DCR clients and staff members with respect to appraisal of the importance of DCRs. Both clients and staff agreed that DCRs provide a safe haven in the environment in which DCR clients often live and that staff members' approach to clients with the intention of promoting acceptance clears the path for the prevention and treatment of overdoses and providing referrals to healthcare facilities, to drug treatment centres and to social services.
与普通人群相比，吸毒导致吸毒者的发病率和死亡率更高。2012年，丹麦政治家通过了一项法律，允许毒品消费室运营；其目标包括改善弱势公民的福祉以及减少过量用药的数量。目前丹麦有五家毒品消费室在运营。本文介绍了一项全国性调查的结果，该调查重点评估丹麦毒品消费室对其服务对象的健康和福祉的影响，以及促进毒品消费室服务对象被接纳的因素，以便改善他们的健康状况并将他们转介给社会和卫生服务提供者。
我们在毒品消费室进行了250小时的参与观察，随后对42名毒品消费室服务对象和25名工作人员进行了深入的定性访谈。对实地记录和访谈进行分析并编码，形成了主题。
毒品消费室服务对象在室内体验到了社会接纳感。工作人员传达出一种热情、不加评判的态度，毒品消费室服务对象对设施总体满意。他们将与吸毒者建立关系作为优先事项，以便在毒品消费室内营造一种社会接纳感。工作人员的主要目标是通过告知服务对象强效毒品的信息以及在中毒情况下进行干预来预防过量用药。毒品消费室为服务对象提供安全保障。在出现与健康相关的问题时，毒品消费室服务对象会被转介到当地的健康诊所。工作人员通过引导毒品消费室服务对象接受社会和卫生部门的戒毒治疗项目及服务，为他们搭建桥梁。
该研究揭示了毒品消费室服务对象和工作人员在对毒品消费室重要性的评估方面具有一致性。服务对象和工作人员都认为，毒品消费室在毒品消费室服务对象经常生活的环境中提供了一个安全的庇护所，而且工作人员为促进接纳而对待服务对象的方式为预防和治疗过量用药以及将服务对象转介到医疗保健机构、戒毒治疗中心和社会服务机构扫清了道路。
