Lima-Junior James Daltro, Viana-Niero Cristina, Conde Oliveira Daniel V, Machado Gabriel Esquitini, Rabello Michelle Cristiane da Silva, Martins-Junior Joaquim, Martins Layla Farage, Digiampietri Luciano Antonio, da Silva Aline Maria, Setubal João Carlos, Russell Daniel A, Jacobs-Sera Deborah, Pope Welkin H, Hatfull Graham F, Leão Sylvia Cardoso
Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Departmento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, campus Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil.
BMC Microbiol. 2016 Jun 17;16(1):111. doi: 10.1186/s12866-016-0734-3.
A large collection of sequenced mycobacteriophages capable of infecting a single host strain of Mycobacterium smegmatis shows considerable genomic diversity with dozens of distinctive types (clusters) and extensive variation within those sharing evident nucleotide sequence similarity. Here we profiled the mycobacterial components of a large composting system at the São Paulo zoo.
We isolated and sequenced eight mycobacteriophages using Mycobacterium smegmatis mc(2)155 as a host. None of these eight phages infected any of mycobacterial strains isolated from the same materials. The phage isolates span considerable genomic diversity, including two phages (Barriga, Nhonho) related to Subcluster A1 phages, two Cluster B phages (Pops, Subcluster B1; Godines, Subcluster B2), three Subcluster F1 phages (Florinda, Girafales, and Quico), and Madruga, a relative of phage Patience with which it constitutes the new Cluster U. Interestingly, the two Subcluster A1 phages and the three Subcluster F1 phages have genomic relationships indicating relatively recent evolution within a geographically isolated niche in the composting system.
We predict that composting systems such as those used to obtain these mycobacteriophages will be a rich source for the isolation of additional phages that will expand our view of bacteriophage diversity and evolution.
大量能够感染耻垢分枝杆菌单一宿主菌株的测序分枝杆菌噬菌体显示出相当大的基因组多样性，有数十种独特类型（簇），并且在那些具有明显核苷酸序列相似性的噬菌体中存在广泛变异。在此，我们对圣保罗动物园一个大型堆肥系统中的分枝杆菌成分进行了分析。
我们以耻垢分枝杆菌mc(2)155作为宿主分离并测序了8个分枝杆菌噬菌体。这8个噬菌体均未感染从相同材料中分离出的任何分枝杆菌菌株。这些噬菌体分离株具有相当大的基因组多样性，包括两个与A1亚簇噬菌体相关的噬菌体（巴里加、尼奥尼奥）、两个B簇噬菌体（波普斯，B1亚簇；戈迪内斯，B2亚簇）、三个F1亚簇噬菌体（弗洛琳达、吉拉法莱斯和基科），以及马德鲁加，它是噬菌体佩兴斯的亲缘噬菌体，二者构成了新的U簇。有趣的是，两个A1亚簇噬菌体和三个F1亚簇噬菌体具有基因组关系，表明它们在堆肥系统中一个地理隔离的生态位内相对较新的进化。
我们预测，诸如用于获得这些分枝杆菌噬菌体的堆肥系统将是分离更多噬菌体的丰富来源，这将扩展我们对噬菌体多样性和进化的认识。
