Sports Medicine Unit and School of Sports Sciences, Umeå University , Sweden.
J Sports Sci Med. 2014 Dec 1;13(4):929-33. eCollection 2014 Dec.
It has been proposed that high exercise loads increase the risk of infection, most frequently reported as upper respiratory tract infections, by suppressing the immune system. Most athletes will not train when experiencing sickness due to the fear of health complications. However, high training volumes are incompatible with high rates of non-training days, regardless of the cause. The purpose of this observational study was to examine the relationship between self-reported, exercise-constraining days of sickness (days when the athlete decided not to train due to symptoms of disease, either self-reported or by a physician) and the volumes of exercise training in elite endurance athletes by analyzing data from training logs kept for several years. The subjects included 11 elite endurance athletes (8 male, 3 female) competing at national and international levels in cross-country skiing, biathlon and long-distance running. Training logs available from these 11 subjects added to a total of 61 training years. The number of training hours per year (462, 79-856; median, range) was significantly and negatively correlated to the reported number of days not training due to sickness (15, 0-164) by a 3(rd) degree polynomial regression (R(2) = 0.48, F ratio = 18, p < 0.0001). We conclude that elite endurance athletes can achieve high training volumes only if they also experience few sick-days. Key pointsTop level performance demands high training volumes and intensities, which may compromise immune function.Elite athletes must have an immune system capable of intact function also when under sever physiological and psychological stress.Elite performance, especially in endurance sports, is therefore incompatible with a high rate of infections.A negative correlation between infections and exercise training load among elite athletes is consequently observed - the less sick you are the more you can train.
有人提出，高强度的运动负荷会通过抑制免疫系统而增加感染的风险，最常报告的是上呼吸道感染。由于担心健康并发症，大多数运动员在患病时都不会训练。然而，无论原因如何，高训练量都与高非训练天数不兼容。本观察性研究的目的是通过分析多年训练日志中记录的数据，研究自我报告的、因疾病而限制运动的天数（运动员因疾病症状决定不训练的天数，无论是自我报告还是由医生报告）与精英耐力运动员的运动训练量之间的关系。研究对象包括 11 名参加越野滑雪、冬季两项和长跑等国际和国家级比赛的精英耐力运动员（8 名男性，3 名女性）。这 11 名运动员的训练日志加起来共有 61 年的训练记录。每年的训练小时数（462，79-856；中位数，范围）与因疾病而不训练的报告天数（15，0-164）呈显著负相关，由 3 次多项式回归（R²=0.48，F 比=18，p<0.0001）。我们的结论是，精英耐力运动员只有在患病天数少的情况下才能达到高训练量。关键点高水平表现需要高训练量和强度，这可能会损害免疫功能。精英运动员的免疫系统在承受严重的生理和心理压力时也必须能够正常运作。因此，精英表现，特别是耐力运动，与高感染率不兼容。因此，在精英运动员中观察到感染与运动训练负荷之间存在负相关关系-患病越少，训练越多。
