Grasser Erik Konrad, Miles-Chan Jennifer Lynn, Charrière Nathalie, Loonam Cathríona R, Dulloo Abdul G, Montani Jean-Pierre
Department of Medicine/Physiology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
Department of Medicine/Physiology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
Adv Nutr. 2016 Sep 15;7(5):950-60. doi: 10.3945/an.116.012526. Print 2016 Sep.
Globally, the popularity of energy drinks is steadily increasing. Scientific interest in their effects on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems in humans is also expanding and with it comes a growing number of case reports of adverse events associated with energy drinks. The vast majority of studies carried out in the general population report effects on blood pressure and heart rate. However, inconsistencies in the current literature render it difficult to draw firm conclusions with regard to the effects of energy drinks on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular variables. These inconsistencies are due, in part, to differences in methodologies, volume of drink ingested, and duration of postconsumption measurements, as well as subject variables during the test. Recent well-controlled, randomized crossover studies that used continuous beat-to-beat measurements provide evidence that cardiovascular responses to the ingestion of energy drinks are best explained by the actions of caffeine and sugar, with little influence from other ingredients. However, a role for other active constituents, such as taurine and glucuronolactone, cannot be ruled out. This article reviews the potentially adverse hemodynamic effects of energy drinks, particularly on blood pressure and heart rate, and discusses the mechanisms by which their active ingredients may interact to adversely affect the cardiovascular system. Research areas and gaps in the literature are discussed with particular reference to the use of energy drinks among high-risk individuals.
在全球范围内，能量饮料的受欢迎程度正在稳步上升。科学界对其对人体心血管和脑血管系统影响的兴趣也在不断扩大，随之而来的是与能量饮料相关的不良事件的病例报告越来越多。在普通人群中进行的绝大多数研究都报告了对血压和心率的影响。然而，当前文献中的不一致之处使得难以就能量饮料对心血管和脑血管变量的影响得出确凿结论。这些不一致部分归因于方法学、摄入饮料的量、消费后测量的持续时间以及测试期间的受试者变量的差异。最近使用连续逐搏测量的严格对照随机交叉研究提供了证据，表明对摄入能量饮料的心血管反应最好由咖啡因和糖的作用来解释，其他成分的影响很小。然而，不能排除其他活性成分，如牛磺酸和葡萄糖醛酸内酯的作用。本文综述了能量饮料潜在的不良血流动力学影响，特别是对血压和心率的影响，并讨论了其活性成分可能相互作用对心血管系统产生不利影响的机制。特别参考高危个体中能量饮料的使用情况，讨论了研究领域和文献中的空白。
