Schöndube Anna, Kanning Martina, Fuchs Reinhard
Department of Sport Psychology, University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany.
Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Konstanz Konstanz, Germany.
Front Psychol. 2016 Sep 21;7:1414. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01414. eCollection 2016.
Despite the well-documented positive effect of exercise on health outcomes, most people do not succeed in exercising regularly. In addition to several other influences, affective states seem to support exercise participation. Associations between exercise and affect have been shown in the laboratory. However, the dynamic relation between affect and exercise in daily life is not yet well-understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the bi-directional effect of momentary affective states on naturally occurring exercise and vice versa in healthy participants in real-life environments by applying an ecological momentary assessment design. We hypothesized that (1) exercise duration is positively associated with affective states on a day level, (2) affective states in the morning predict subsequent exercise duration, and (3) exercise duration predicts affective states in the evening on that respective day. Data from = 60 students aged between 19 and 32 years were analyzed. Affect and exercise duration were assessed daily over a period of 20 days via an electronic diary. Multilevel analysis revealed that positive affective valence was positively associated with exercise duration ( = 0.003) on a day level. In addition, the more the participants exercised that respective day, the better and more content they felt in the evening ( = 0.009). Energetic arousal in the morning significantly predicted subsequent exercise duration ( = 0.045). The findings indicate that it would be worthwhile to focus more on within-subject analyses when analyzing the dynamic relation between affect and exercise. Furthermore, affective states should be taken into account in creating effective interventions to foster exercise behavior and enhance maintenance.
尽管有充分的文献记载表明运动对健康有益，但大多数人并不能成功地定期进行运动。除了其他一些影响因素外，情感状态似乎有助于人们参与运动。在实验室环境中，运动与情感之间的关联已得到证实。然而，在日常生活中，情感与运动之间的动态关系尚未得到充分理解。本研究的目的是通过应用生态瞬时评估设计，在现实生活环境中，调查健康参与者瞬时情感状态对自然发生的运动的双向影响，反之亦然。我们假设：（1）在一天的水平上，运动时长与情感状态呈正相关；（2）早晨的情感状态可预测随后的运动时长；（3）运动时长可预测当天晚上的情感状态。我们分析了60名年龄在19至32岁之间的学生的数据。通过电子日记在20天的时间里每天评估情感和运动时长。多层次分析显示，在一天的水平上，积极情感效价与运动时长呈正相关（p = 0.003）。此外，参与者在当天运动得越多，他们在晚上就感觉越好、越满足（p = 0.009）。早晨的精力充沛显著预测了随后的运动时长（p = 0.045）。研究结果表明，在分析情感与运动之间的动态关系时，更多地关注个体内部分析是值得的。此外，在制定促进运动行为和增强运动维持的有效干预措施时，应考虑情感状态。
