Moschonis George, van den Heuvel Ellen G H M, Mavrogianni Christina, Singh-Povel Cécile M, Leotsinidis Michalis, Manios Yannis
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 El Venizelou Avenue, Kallithea, 17671 Athens, Greece.
EnviNHealth S.A., Platonos 34, Moschato, 18345 Athens, Greece.
Nutrients. 2016 Oct 13;8(10):634. doi: 10.3390/nu8100634.
The benefits of dairy consumption seem to extend beyond its significant contribution to ensuring nutrient intake adequacy as indicated by the favourable associations with several health outcomes reported by different studies. The aims of the present study were to examine the associations of milk consumption with fitness, anthropometric and biochemical indices in children and further explore whether the observed associations are attributed to vitamins B₂ and B derived from milk. A representative subsample of 600 children aged 9-13 years participating in the Healthy Growth Study was examined. Data were collected on children's dietary intake, using 24 h recalls, as well as on fitness, anthropometric and biochemical indices. Regression analyses were performed for investigating the research hypothesis, adjusting for potential confounders and for B-vitamin status indices (i.e., plasma riboflavin, methylmalonic acid and total homocysteine concentrations), dietary calcium intake and plasma zinc concentrations that could possibly act as effect modifiers. Milk consumption was positively associated with the number of stages performed in the endurance run test (ERT) (β = 0.10; = 0.017) and negatively with body mass index (BMI) (β = -0.10; = 0.014), after adjusting for several potential confounders and effect modifiers. Dietary intakes of vitamin B₂ and B derived from milk were also positively associated with the number of ERT stages (β = 0.10; = 0.015 and β = 0.10; = 0.014 respectively). In conclusion, higher intake of milk as well as vitamin B₂ and B derived from milk were independently associated with higher cardiorespiratory fitness in Greek preadolescents. The key roles of these B-vitamins in substrate oxidation, energy production, haemoglobin synthesis and erythropoiesis could provide a basis for interpreting these associations. However, further research is needed to confirm this potential interpretation.
乳制品消费的益处似乎不仅限于其对确保营养摄入充足的重大贡献，不同研究报告显示，乳制品与多种健康结果存在有益关联。本研究的目的是检验儿童牛奶消费与体能、人体测量和生化指标之间的关联，并进一步探讨观察到的关联是否归因于牛奶中的维生素B₂和B₆。对参与健康成长研究的600名9至13岁儿童的代表性子样本进行了检查。使用24小时回忆法收集了儿童的饮食摄入量数据，以及体能、人体测量和生化指标数据。进行回归分析以研究研究假设，对潜在混杂因素以及可能作为效应修饰因素的B族维生素状态指标（即血浆核黄素、甲基丙二酸和总同型半胱氨酸浓度）、膳食钙摄入量和血浆锌浓度进行了调整。在调整了几个潜在混杂因素和效应修饰因素后，牛奶消费与耐力跑测试（ERT）中完成的阶段数呈正相关（β = 0.10；P = 0.017），与体重指数（BMI）呈负相关（β = -0.10；P = 0.014）。源自牛奶的维生素B₂和B₆的膳食摄入量也与ERT阶段数呈正相关（分别为β = 0.10；P = 0.015和β = 0.10；P = 0.014）。总之，在希腊青少年中，较高的牛奶摄入量以及源自牛奶的维生素B₂和B₆与较高的心肺适能独立相关。这些B族维生素在底物氧化、能量产生、血红蛋白合成和红细胞生成中的关键作用可为解释这些关联提供依据。然而，需要进一步研究来证实这一潜在解释。
