Visram Shelina, Cheetham Mandy, Riby Deborah M, Crossley Stephen J, Lake Amelia A
School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University Queen's Campus, Stockton-on-Tees, UK.
Fuse (UKCRC Centre for Translational Research in Public Health), Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
BMJ Open. 2016 Oct 8;6(10):e010380. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010380.
To examine patterns of energy drink consumption by children and young people, attitudes towards these drinks, and any associations with health or other outcomes.
Rapid evidence assessment and narrative synthesis.
9 electronic bibliographic databases, reference lists of relevant studies and searches of the internet.
A total of 410 studies were located, with 46 meeting the inclusion criteria. The majority employed a cross-sectional design, involved participants aged 11-18 years, and were conducted in North America or Europe. Consumption of energy drinks by children and young people was found to be patterned by gender, with boys consuming more than girls, and also by activity levels, with the highest consumption observed in the most and least sedentary individuals. Several studies identified a strong, positive association between the use of energy drinks and higher odds of health-damaging behaviours, as well as physical health symptoms such as headaches, stomach aches, hyperactivity and insomnia. There was some evidence of a dose-response effect. 2 experimental studies involving small numbers of junior athletes demonstrated a positive impact on limited aspects of sports performance. 3 themes emerged from the qualitative studies: reasons for use; influences on use; and perceived efficacy and impact. Taste and energy-seeking were identified as key drivers, and branding and marketing were highlighted as major influences on young people's consumption choices. Awareness of possible negative effects was low.
There is growing evidence that consumption of energy drinks is associated with a range of adverse outcomes and risk behaviours in terms of children's health and well-being. However, taste, brand loyalty and perceived positive effects combine to ensure their popularity with young consumers. More research is needed to explore the short-term and long-term impacts in all spheres, including health, behaviour and education.
CRD42014010192.
研究儿童和青少年饮用能量饮料的模式、对这些饮料的态度，以及与健康或其他结果之间的任何关联。
快速证据评估和叙述性综述。
9个电子文献数据库、相关研究的参考文献列表以及互联网搜索。
共检索到410项研究，其中46项符合纳入标准。大多数研究采用横断面设计，研究对象为11至18岁的参与者，且在北美或欧洲进行。研究发现，儿童和青少年饮用能量饮料存在性别差异，男孩的饮用量多于女孩，同时也与活动水平有关，运动量最大和最小的人群饮用能量饮料的量最高。几项研究发现，饮用能量饮料与有害健康行为的较高几率以及头痛、胃痛、多动和失眠等身体健康症状之间存在强烈的正相关。有证据表明存在剂量反应效应。两项涉及少数青少年运动员的实验研究表明，能量饮料对运动表现的有限方面有积极影响。定性研究中出现了三个主题：饮用原因；饮用的影响因素；以及感知到的功效和影响。口味和寻求能量被确定为关键驱动因素，品牌和营销被强调为对年轻人消费选择的主要影响因素。对可能负面影响的认知较低。
越来越多的证据表明，就儿童的健康和幸福而言，饮用能量饮料与一系列不良后果和风险行为有关。然而，口味、品牌忠诚度和感知到的积极效果共同确保了它们在年轻消费者中的受欢迎程度。需要更多的研究来探索能量饮料在包括健康、行为和教育在内的所有领域的短期和长期影响。
CRD42014010192。
