Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Third Ring Road East, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China.
Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China.
J Immunol Res. 2016;2016:9720912. doi: 10.1155/2016/9720912. Epub 2016 Nov 16.
The majority of basic and clinical studies have shown a protumor function of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which represent a large proportion of matrix cells. TAMs promote tumorigenesis, and their number is related to the malignancy degree and poor prognosis of many kinds of tumors. Macrophage plasticity makes it possible to change the tumor microenvironment and remodel antitumor immunity during cancer immunotherapy. Increasing numbers of studies have revealed the effects of TAMs on the tumor microenvironment, for example, via promotion of tumor growth and tumorigenesis and through an increase in the number of cancer stem cells or via facilitation of angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and metastasis. Investigators also proposed tumor-immunological treatments targeting TAMs by inhibiting TAM recruitment and differentiation, by regulating TAM polarization, and by blocking factors and pathways associated with the protumor function of TAMs. This comprehensive review presents recent research on TAMs in relation to prediction of poor outcomes, remodeling of the tumor immune microenvironment, and immunological targeted therapies.
大多数基础和临床研究表明肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAMs）具有促肿瘤功能，它们是基质细胞的重要组成部分。TAMs 促进肿瘤发生，其数量与多种肿瘤的恶性程度和预后不良相关。巨噬细胞的可塑性使得在癌症免疫治疗期间改变肿瘤微环境和重塑抗肿瘤免疫成为可能。越来越多的研究揭示了 TAMs 对肿瘤微环境的影响，例如，通过促进肿瘤生长和肿瘤发生，增加癌症干细胞的数量，或通过促进血管生成、淋巴管生成和转移。研究人员还通过抑制 TAM 募集和分化、调节 TAM 极化以及阻断与 TAMs 促肿瘤功能相关的因子和途径，提出了针对 TAMs 的肿瘤免疫治疗方法。本综述综合介绍了 TAMs 在预测不良预后、重塑肿瘤免疫微环境和免疫靶向治疗方面的最新研究进展。
