Barthel Mathias, Sauppe Sebastian, Levinson Stephen C, Meyer Antje S
Language and Cognition Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics Nijmegen, Netherlands.
Language and Cognition Department, Max Planck Institute for PsycholinguisticsNijmegen, Netherlands; Department of Comparative Linguistics, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland.
Front Psychol. 2016 Dec 1;7:1858. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01858. eCollection 2016.
In conversation, interlocutors rarely leave long gaps between turns, suggesting that next speakers begin to plan their turns while listening to the previous speaker. The present experiment used analyses of speech onset latencies and eye-movements in a task-oriented dialogue paradigm to investigate when speakers start planning their responses. German speakers heard a confederate describe sets of objects in utterances that either ended in a noun [e.g., ("I have a door and a bicycle")] or a verb form [e.g., ("I have gotten a door and a bicycle")], while the presence or absence of the final verb either was or was not predictable from the preceding sentence structure. In response, participants had to name any unnamed objects they could see in their own displays with utterances such as ("I have an egg"). The results show that speakers begin to plan their turns as soon as sufficient information is available to do so, irrespective of further incoming words.
在对话中，对话者很少在轮流发言之间留出很长的间隔，这表明下一个发言者在听前一个发言者讲话时就开始计划自己的发言了。本实验在一个面向任务的对话范式中，通过分析言语起始潜伏期和眼动来研究发言者何时开始计划他们的回应。以德语为母语的人听一个同盟者描述一组物体，这些话语要么以名词结尾[例如，（“我有一扇门和一辆自行车”）]，要么以动词形式结尾[例如，（“我得到了一扇门和一辆自行车”）]，而最后一个动词的出现与否从前一句的句子结构来看是可预测或不可预测的。作为回应，参与者必须用诸如（“我有一个鸡蛋”）这样的话语说出他们在自己展示的物品中看到的任何未命名的物体。结果表明，只要有足够的信息，发言者就会立即开始计划他们的发言，而不管后续还有什么传入的话语。
