SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Travesía da Choupana S/N, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2017 Feb;13(2):100-109. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2016.209. Epub 2017 Jan 5.
Leptin is one of the most relevant factors secreted by adipose tissue and the forerunner of a class of molecules collectively called adipokines. Initially discovered in 1994, its crucial role as a central regulator in energy homeostasis has been largely described during the past 20 years. Once secreted into the circulation, leptin reaches the central and peripheral nervous systems and acts by binding and activating the long form of leptin receptor (LEPR), regulating appetite and food intake, bone mass, basal metabolism, reproductive function and insulin secretion, among other processes. Research on the regulation of different adipose tissues has provided important insights into the intricate network that links nutrition, metabolism and immune homeostasis. The neuroendocrine and immune systems communicate bi-directionally through common ligands and receptors during stress responses and inflammation, and control cellular immune responses in several pathological situations including immune-inflammatory rheumatic diseases. This Review discusses the latest findings regarding the role of leptin in the immune system and metabolism, with particular emphasis on its effect on autoimmune and/or inflammatory rheumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
瘦素是脂肪组织分泌的最重要因素之一，也是一类被称为脂肪因子的分子的先驱。它最初于 1994 年被发现，其作为能量平衡中枢调节剂的关键作用在过去 20 年中得到了广泛描述。一旦分泌到循环中，瘦素就会到达中枢和外周神经系统，并通过结合和激活长型瘦素受体（LEPR）来发挥作用，调节食欲和食物摄入、骨量、基础代谢、生殖功能和胰岛素分泌等过程。对不同脂肪组织的调节研究为营养、代谢和免疫稳态之间的复杂网络提供了重要的见解。神经内分泌系统和免疫系统在应激反应和炎症期间通过共同的配体和受体进行双向通讯，并在包括免疫炎症性风湿性疾病在内的几种病理情况下控制细胞免疫反应。本综述讨论了瘦素在免疫系统和代谢中的最新作用，特别强调了其对自身免疫性和/或炎症性风湿性疾病（如类风湿关节炎和骨关节炎）的影响。
