为痴呆症患者设计的日托中心对家庭护理人员的影响——一项定性研究。
The influence of day care centres designed for people with dementia on family caregivers - a qualitative study.
作者信息
Tretteteig Signe, Vatne Solfrid, Rokstad Anne Marie Mork
机构信息
Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway.
Molde University College, Molde, Norway.
出版信息
BMC Geriatr. 2017 Jan 5;17(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s12877-016-0403-2.
BACKGROUND
Dementia is one of the most challenging age-related illnesses for family caregivers, whose care-related burden is well known. Research indicates that day care centres (DCCs) can reduce the caregiver burden and help family caregivers to cope with demands; however, the current body of knowledge is still tentative and inconsistent, and more research is recommended. The aim of this study is to provide an extended understanding of the situation of family caregivers and to examine to what extent DCCs can meet their need for support and respite.
METHODS
This study has a qualitative descriptive design using in-depth interviews with 17 family caregivers of people with dementia attending DCCs. The data analysis was undertaken using systematic text condensation.
RESULTS
Caregivers experience a complex role, with added responsibilities, new tasks, and emotional and relational challenges that are expressed through distressing emotions and demands for interaction. Additionally, the caregiving role leads to positive experiences, such as acceptance and adaptation, support and help, and positive changes in the relationship. Day care relieves family caregivers by meeting the person with dementia's needs for social community, nutrition, physical activity, and structure and variety in everyday life. Using a DCC led to a higher quality of time spent together and easier cooperation, but it also produced some hard feelings and challenging situations. DCCs gave the caregivers a feeling of freedom and increased the time available to be spent on their own needs, to be social and to work or do practical tasks undisturbed.
CONCLUSIONS
DCCs for people with dementia can give family caregivers support and relief and have a positive impact on the relationship between the family caregiver and the person with dementia. A more individualized program, in addition to flexible opening hours, would make DCCs even more effective as a respite service, positively influencing the family caregiver's motivation and ability to care and postponing the need for nursing home placement.
背景
痴呆症是家庭护理人员面临的最具挑战性的与年龄相关的疾病之一，其护理负担众所周知。研究表明，日托中心（DCC）可以减轻护理人员的负担，并帮助家庭护理人员应对各种需求；然而，目前的知识体系仍然是初步的且不一致的，因此建议进行更多研究。本研究的目的是更深入地了解家庭护理人员的状况，并探讨日托中心在多大程度上能够满足他们对支持和喘息机会的需求。
方法
本研究采用定性描述性设计，对17名送痴呆症患者到日托中心的家庭护理人员进行了深入访谈。数据分析采用系统文本浓缩法。
结果
护理人员经历着复杂的角色，承担着额外的责任、新的任务，以及情感和人际关系方面的挑战，这些通过痛苦的情绪和互动需求表现出来。此外，护理角色也带来了积极的体验，如接纳与适应、支持与帮助，以及关系上的积极变化。日托通过满足痴呆症患者对社交、营养、体育活动以及日常生活中的规律和多样性的需求，减轻了家庭护理人员的负担。使用日托中心使得共度的时光质量更高、合作更轻松，但也产生了一些不愉快的感受和具有挑战性的情况。日托中心给护理人员一种自由的感觉，并增加了可用于满足自身需求、社交以及不受干扰地工作或完成实际任务的时间。
结论
为痴呆症患者设立的日托中心可以为家庭护理人员提供支持和缓解，并对家庭护理人员与痴呆症患者之间的关系产生积极影响。除了灵活的开放时间外，更个性化的项目将使日托中心作为喘息服务更加有效，对家庭护理人员的护理动机和能力产生积极影响，并推迟将患者送入养老院的需求。
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