Chiou Andy Y, Mercado Brittany K
Business Management Department, Farmingdale State College (SUNY) Farmingdale, NY, USA.
Department of Management, Baruch College (CUNY) New York, NY, USA.
Front Psychol. 2016 Dec 20;7:1985. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01985. eCollection 2016.
Biculturals are individuals who are acculturated in two cultures and have dual identities. Due to this, many early discussions on biculturalism argued that biculturals may have divided loyalties between their two cultural backgrounds and the identities derived from these backgrounds. This view is further highlighted given historical and contemporary debate regarding immigrants in the European and American political arenas. These concerns illustrate two possibilities. First, that biculturals have a preference for their home or host culture, identifying one as the in-group to express loyalty toward and the other as the out-group. Second, biculturals may alternate between who they identify as their in-group depending upon the circumstances. In a particular cultural environment, a given bicultural may feel greater degrees of loyalty toward that culture, while feeling different loyalties when immersed in a different cultural environment. To-date, few empirical studies have examined these two questions in detail. We proposed two hypotheses: First, biculturals will express higher levels of loyalty for a specific culture if they have been exposed to a prime congruent with that culture than if they have been exposed to a prime associated with a different culture. Second, the magnitude of preferences expressed for the two cultures will differ depending on the cultural prime. We experimentally investigated this phenomenon in a sample of Chinese-Americans ( = 136) using a computer simulated soccer game between the United States and China. This simulation was selected in order to avoid the controversial nature of an immigration or cultural conflict scenario. Past research has shown that support for the sports team of a given country is a form of expressing loyalty. Participants were randomly exposed to one cultural priming condition (American, Neutral, Chinese) using commentaries recorded in different languages: English, no commentary, and Chinese. Participants were then asked to what degree they would cheer for each team. Participants expressed more likelihood to cheer for the Chinese team than for the American team. However, our results indicate that cultural priming does influence the degree to which the participants express loyalty for the Chinese team over the American team in the form of rooting behaviors.
双文化者是指那些适应了两种文化并拥有双重身份的个体。正因如此，许多早期关于双文化主义的讨论认为，双文化者可能在他们的两种文化背景以及源自这些背景的身份认同之间存在分裂的忠诚。鉴于欧美政治舞台上关于移民的历史和当代辩论，这种观点得到了进一步强调。这些担忧说明了两种可能性。第一，双文化者对其家乡文化或东道国文化有偏好，将其中一种视为内群体以表达忠诚，而将另一种视为外群体。第二，双文化者可能会根据情况在他们所认定的内群体之间转换。在特定的文化环境中，某个双文化者可能会对那种文化表现出更高程度的忠诚，而在沉浸于不同文化环境时则会有不同的忠诚感受。迄今为止，很少有实证研究详细考察这两个问题。我们提出了两个假设：第一，与接触与不同文化相关的启动刺激相比，如果双文化者接触到与某一文化相符的启动刺激，他们会对该特定文化表现出更高水平的忠诚。第二，对两种文化所表达偏好的程度会因文化启动刺激而有所不同。我们使用美国和中国之间的一场计算机模拟足球比赛，对136名美籍华裔样本进行了实验研究，以探究这一现象。选择这个模拟是为了避免移民或文化冲突场景的争议性。过去的研究表明，支持某个特定国家的运动队是表达忠诚的一种形式。参与者被随机暴露于一种文化启动条件（美国、中性、中国）下，使用不同语言录制的解说：英语、无解说和中文。然后要求参与者表明他们会为每个队加油的程度。参与者表示为中国队加油的可能性高于为美国队加油。然而，我们的结果表明，文化启动确实会以支持行为的形式影响参与者对中国队比对美国队表达忠诚的程度。
