Cabrita Miriam, Lousberg Richel, Tabak Monique, Hermens Hermie J, Vollenbroek-Hutten Miriam M R
Telemedicine group, Roessingh Research and Development, P.O. Box 310, Enschede, 7522 AH The Netherlands ; Telemedicine group, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Enschede, 7500 AE The Netherlands.
Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Eur Rev Aging Phys Act. 2017 Jan 6;14:1. doi: 10.1186/s11556-016-0170-2. eCollection 2017.
Pleasure is one determinant of intrinsic motivation and yet a dimension often forgotten when promoting physical activity among the older population. In this study we investigate the relation between daily activities and physical activity, experience of pleasure, and the interaction between pleasure and physical activity in the daily lives of community-dwelling older adults.
Participants carried a hip-worn accelerometer during 30 consecutive days resulting in a total of 320 days of data collection. Current activity, location, companion and experience of pleasure during each activity were assessed through experience sampling on a smartphone every 1-2 h. Between- and within-individual differences were analysed with multi-level models and 10xN = 1 regression analysis.
Outdoor activities were associated with higher physical activity than indoor activities ( < 0.001). Performing leisure activities, outdoors and not alone significantly predicted pleasure in daily life (all p's < 0.05). Being more active while performing leisure activities resulted in higher experiences of pleasure ( < 0.001). However, when performing basic activities of daily living (e.g. commuting or households) this relation was inverted. Results provide meaningful indication for individual variance. The 30 days of data collected from each participant allow for identification of individual differences.
Daily activities and their contexts do influence the experience of pleasure and physical activity of older adults in daily life of older adults, although similar research with larger population is recommended. Results are in accordance with the literature, indicating that the method adopted (accelerometry combined with experience sampling) provides reliable representation of daily life. Identification of individual differences can eventually be automatically performed through data mining techniques. Further research could look at innovative approaches to promote Active Ageing using mobile technology in the daily life, by promoting physical activity through recommendation of pleasurable activities, and thus likely to increase the intrinsic motivation to become physically active.
愉悦感是内在动机的一个决定因素，但在促进老年人群体进行体育活动时，这一维度常常被忽视。在本研究中，我们调查了社区居住的老年人日常生活中日常活动与体育活动、愉悦感体验以及愉悦感与体育活动之间的相互作用。
参与者连续30天佩戴髋部加速度计，共收集到320天的数据。通过每1 - 2小时在智能手机上进行的经验抽样，评估每次活动期间的当前活动、地点、同伴和愉悦感体验。使用多层次模型和10xN = 1回归分析来分析个体间和个体内的差异。
户外活动比室内活动与更高的体育活动相关（<0.001）。在户外且非独自进行休闲活动能显著预测日常生活中的愉悦感（所有p值<0.05）。在进行休闲活动时更活跃会带来更高的愉悦感体验（<0.001）。然而，在进行日常生活的基本活动（如通勤或家务）时，这种关系则相反。结果为个体差异提供了有意义的指示。从每个参与者收集的30天数据有助于识别个体差异。
日常活动及其背景确实会影响老年人在日常生活中的愉悦感体验和体育活动，不过建议开展针对更大人群的类似研究。结果与文献一致，表明所采用的方法（加速度计结合经验抽样）能够可靠地反映日常生活。最终可通过数据挖掘技术自动识别个体差异。进一步的研究可以探讨在日常生活中利用移动技术促进积极老龄化的创新方法，通过推荐愉悦的活动来促进体育活动，从而可能增加参与体育活动的内在动力。
