Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 3, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2017 Apr;18(4):229-245. doi: 10.1038/nrm.2016.153. Epub 2017 Jan 25.
As a compartment border, the nuclear envelope (NE) needs to serve as both a protective membrane shell for the genome and a versatile communication interface between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Despite its important structural role in sheltering the genome, the NE is a dynamic and highly adaptable boundary that changes composition during differentiation, deforms in response to mechanical challenges, can be repaired upon rupture and even rapidly disassembles and reforms during open mitosis. NE remodelling is fundamentally involved in cell growth, division and differentiation, and if perturbed can lead to devastating diseases such as muscular dystrophies or premature ageing.
作为一个隔室边界，核膜（NE）需要同时充当基因组的保护膜壳和核与细胞质之间的多功能通讯接口。尽管它在保护基因组方面具有重要的结构作用，但 NE 是一个动态且高度适应的边界，其组成在分化过程中会发生变化，会响应机械挑战而变形，在破裂时可以修复，甚至在有丝分裂过程中迅速解体和重新形成。NE 重塑从根本上涉及细胞生长、分裂和分化，如果受到干扰，可能会导致肌肉萎缩症或早衰等毁灭性疾病。
