Sohl Stephanie Jean, Birdee Gurjeet, Elam Roy
Vanderbilt University Medical Center.
Am J Lifestyle Med. 2016 Nov;10(6):429-436. doi: 10.1177/1559827615571524. Epub 2015 Feb 18.
Improving health behaviors is fundamental to preventing and controlling chronic disease. Healthcare providers who have a patient-centered communication style and appropriate behavioral change tools can empower patients to engage in and sustain healthy behaviors. This review highlights motivational interviewing and mindfulness along with other evidence-based strategies for enhancing patient-centered communication and the behavior change process. Motivational interviewing and mindfulness are especially useful for empowering patients to set self-determined, or autonomous, goals for behavior change. This is important because autonomously motivated behavioral change is more sustainable. Additional strategies such as self-monitoring are discussed as useful for supporting the implementation and maintenance of goals. Thus, there is a need for healthcare providers to develop such tools to empower sustained behavior change. The additional support of a new role, a health coach who specializes in facilitating the process of health-related behavior change, may be required to substantially impact public health.
改善健康行为是预防和控制慢性病的基础。具有以患者为中心的沟通方式和适当行为改变工具的医疗保健提供者可以使患者有能力参与并维持健康行为。本综述重点介绍了动机性访谈和正念，以及其他基于证据的策略，以加强以患者为中心的沟通和行为改变过程。动机性访谈和正念对于使患者能够为行为改变设定自我决定或自主的目标特别有用。这很重要，因为自主激发的行为改变更具可持续性。还讨论了诸如自我监测等其他策略，认为这些策略有助于支持目标的实施和维持。因此，医疗保健提供者需要开发此类工具，以促进持续的行为改变。可能需要一个新角色——专门促进与健康相关行为改变过程的健康教练的额外支持，才能对公共卫生产生重大影响。
