Robinson Matthew M, Dasari Surendra, Konopka Adam R, Johnson Matthew L, Manjunatha S, Esponda Raul Ruiz, Carter Rickey E, Lanza Ian R, Nair K Sreekumaran
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Cell Metab. 2017 Mar 7;25(3):581-592. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.02.009.
The molecular transducers of benefits from different exercise modalities remain incompletely defined. Here we report that 12 weeks of high-intensity aerobic interval (HIIT), resistance (RT), and combined exercise training enhanced insulin sensitivity and lean mass, but only HIIT and combined training improved aerobic capacity and skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration. HIIT revealed a more robust increase in gene transcripts than other exercise modalities, particularly in older adults, although little overlap with corresponding individual protein abundance was noted. HIIT reversed many age-related differences in the proteome, particularly of mitochondrial proteins in concert with increased mitochondrial protein synthesis. Both RT and HIIT enhanced proteins involved in translational machinery irrespective of age. Only small changes of methylation of DNA promoter regions were observed. We provide evidence for predominant exercise regulation at the translational level, enhancing translational capacity and proteome abundance to explain phenotypic gains in muscle mitochondrial function and hypertrophy in all ages.
不同运动方式带来益处的分子传导机制仍未完全明确。在此我们报告，12周的高强度有氧间歇训练（HIIT）、抗阻训练（RT）及联合训练均可增强胰岛素敏感性和瘦体重，但只有HIIT和联合训练能提高有氧能力和骨骼肌线粒体呼吸功能。HIIT比其他运动方式能使基因转录本有更显著的增加，尤其是在老年人中，尽管与相应的个体蛋白质丰度几乎没有重叠。HIIT逆转了蛋白质组中许多与年龄相关的差异，特别是线粒体蛋白质方面，并伴随着线粒体蛋白质合成增加。RT和HIIT均可增强与翻译机制相关的蛋白质，且与年龄无关。仅观察到DNA启动子区域甲基化的微小变化。我们提供的证据表明，在翻译水平上运动起主要调节作用，增强了翻译能力和蛋白质组丰度，以解释所有年龄段肌肉线粒体功能和肥大的表型变化。
