Urbanski Wiktor, Marycz Krzysztof, Krzak Justyna, Pezowicz Celina, Dragan Szymon Feliks
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Wroclaw University Hospital.
Electron Microscope Laboratory, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences.
Int J Nanomedicine. 2017 Feb 28;12:1639-1645. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S114885. eCollection 2017.
Material surface is a key determinant of host response on implanted biomaterial. Therefore, modification of the implant surface may optimize implant-tissue reactions. Inflammatory reaction is inevitable after biomaterial implantation, but prolonged inflammation may lead to adverse reactions and subsequent implant failure. Proinflammatory activities of cytokines like interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) are attractive indicators of these processes and ultimately characterize biocompatibility. The objective of the study was to evaluate local cytokine production after implantation of stainless steel 316L (SS) and titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) biomaterials coated with titanium dioxide (TiO) and silica (SiO) coatings prepared by sol-gel method. Biomaterials were implanted into rat femur and after 12 weeks, bones were harvested. Bone-implant tissue interface was evaluated; immunohistochemical staining was performed to identify IL-6, TNF-α, and Caspase-1. Histomorphometry (AxioVision Rel. 4.6.3 software) of tissue samples was performed in order to quantify the cytokine levels. Both the oxide coatings on SS and Ti6Al4V significantly reduced cytokine production. However, the lowest cytokine levels were observed in TiO groups. Cytokine content in uncoated groups was lower in Ti6Al4V than in SS, although coating of either metal reduced cytokine production to similar levels. Sol-gel TiO or SiO coatings reduced significantly the production of proinflammatory cytokines by local tissues, irrespective of the material used as a substrate, that is, either Ti6Al4V or SS. This suggests lower inflammatory response, which directly points out improvement of materials' biocompatibility.
材料表面是植入生物材料后宿主反应的关键决定因素。因此，对植入物表面进行改性可优化植入物与组织的反应。生物材料植入后炎症反应不可避免，但炎症持续时间过长可能导致不良反应及随后的植入失败。白细胞介素（IL）-1、IL-6和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）等细胞因子的促炎活性是这些过程的重要指标，最终表征生物相容性。本研究的目的是评估植入通过溶胶-凝胶法制备的二氧化钛（TiO₂）和二氧化硅（SiO₂）涂层的316L不锈钢（SS）和钛合金（Ti6Al4V）生物材料后局部细胞因子的产生情况。将生物材料植入大鼠股骨，12周后采集骨骼。评估骨-植入物组织界面；进行免疫组织化学染色以鉴定IL-6、TNF-α和半胱天冬酶-1。对组织样本进行组织形态计量学分析（AxioVision Rel. 4.6.3软件）以量化细胞因子水平。SS和Ti6Al4V上的氧化物涂层均显著降低了细胞因子的产生。然而，TiO₂组中观察到的细胞因子水平最低。未涂层组中Ti6Al4V的细胞因子含量低于SS，尽管两种金属涂层均将细胞因子产生降低到相似水平。溶胶-凝胶TiO₂或SiO₂涂层显著降低了局部组织促炎细胞因子的产生，无论用作底物的材料是Ti6Al4V还是SS。这表明炎症反应较低，直接表明材料生物相容性得到改善。
