Latalova Klara, Hajda Miroslav, Prasko Jan
Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Department of Psychiatry, Olomouc University Hospital, I. P. Pavlova 6, Olomouc 77500, Czech Republic,
Psychiatr Danub. 2017 Mar;29(1):28-30. doi: 10.24869/psyd.2017.28.
The gut microbes, collectively called microbiota, are linked to the brain through a bidirectional system that involves the vagus nerve, the immune system, and various neurotransmitters. Stress response, memory functions, social behavior, and mood are modulated by microbiota. Furthermore, microbiota play a role in the development of the central nervous system. These features, established largely in rodent studies, have informed hypotheses about the role of microbiota in human psychiatric disorders. Microbiota affect phenomena that are known to be parts of the depression phenotype, such as exaggerated response to stress and inflammatory features. Furthermore, the role of microbiota in neurodevelopment and in the modulation of social behavior suggests the possibility of its role in autism spectrum disorder and in schizophrenia. If altered, microbiota play a role in psychiatric disorders, then efforts to normalize the gut microbial population by the ingestion of probiotics (live bacteria) could have antidepresssant or antipsychotic effects. Testing such hypotheses in translational human studies is a matter of future research.
肠道微生物群，统称为微生物区系，通过一个涉及迷走神经、免疫系统和各种神经递质的双向系统与大脑相连。微生物区系调节应激反应、记忆功能、社会行为和情绪。此外，微生物区系在中枢神经系统的发育中发挥作用。这些主要在啮齿动物研究中确立的特征，为关于微生物区系在人类精神疾病中作用的假说提供了依据。微生物区系影响已知是抑郁症表型一部分的现象，如对应激的过度反应和炎症特征。此外，微生物区系在神经发育和社会行为调节中的作用表明其在自闭症谱系障碍和精神分裂症中发挥作用的可能性。如果微生物区系发生改变会在精神疾病中起作用，那么通过摄入益生菌（活细菌）来使肠道微生物群正常化的努力可能会产生抗抑郁或抗精神病作用。在转化性人体研究中检验此类假说将是未来研究的方向。
