Daodu Oluwafemi Babatunde, Amosun Elizabeth Adesola, Oluwayelu Daniel Oladimeji
department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Afr J Infect Dis. 2016 Nov 24;11(1):1-11. doi: 10.4314/ajid.v11i1.4533. eCollection 2017.
Rearing of dogs and other pets has become increasingly popular in modern society. Bacterial flora resides within the nasal and oral cavities of dogs and when chanced, can be pathogenic. Certain similarities between humans and dogs portends dangerous behavioral habits that could lead to zoonotic disease transmission. This study was aimed at isolation, identification and antibiotic profiling of bacteria from nasal swabs of apparently healthy dogs. The zoonotic risk was also considered.
A total of 173 nasal swabs were collected from 173 apparently healthy dogs. Structured questionnaires were administered to investigate human behavioral habits.
Two hundred and twenty two (222) bacterial isolates were obtained from the culture with ten (10) potentially pathogenic bacteria in the order of (18.5%), (17.1%), (14.0%), (9.0%), (9.0%), coagulase negative (7.7%), (6.8%), (6.8%), (5.9%) and (5.4%). Overall, the Gram negative isolates showed resistance to ciprofloxacin (9.3%), sparfloxacin (16.0%), perfloxacin (17.3%), ofloxacin (21.6%), chloramphenicol (34..6%), gentamycin (36.4%), streptomycin (37.%), septrin (49.4%), amoxillin (59.3%), augmentin (62.3%) while the Gram positive bacteria showed resistance to ciprofloxacin (3.3%), perfloxacin (6.7%), erythromycin (13.3%), streptomycin (21.7%), rocephin (28.3%), septrin (28.3%), gentamycin (36.7%), zinnacef (68.3%), ampiclox (81.7%) and amoxillin (85.0%). Multi-drug resistance (MDR) to three or more antimicrobials was observed in some of the isolates. Seventy - seven resistance patterns were observed, 16 in Gram positive and 61 in Gram negative bacteria.
This study revealed MDR to two or more antimicrobials in all the isolates. These can pose antibiotic resistance challenges in situation of primary or secondary canine respiratory infections. Also, this study revealed that 82% of the dog owners/lovers had less than 50cm face-to-face contact with these dogs while playing with them, thus increasing their chances of acquiring MDR bacteria from apparently healthy dogs.
在现代社会，养狗和饲养其他宠物越来越流行。细菌菌群存在于狗的鼻腔和口腔中，一旦有机会，可能具有致病性。人类和狗之间的某些相似性预示着可能导致人畜共患病传播的危险行为习惯。本研究旨在从看似健康的狗的鼻拭子中分离、鉴定细菌并进行抗生素谱分析。同时也考虑了人畜共患病风险。
从173只看似健康的狗身上采集了总共173份鼻拭子。发放结构化问卷以调查人类行为习惯。
从培养物中获得了222株细菌分离株，其中有10种潜在致病菌，依次为（18.5%）、（17.1%）、（14.0%）、（9.0%）、（9.0%）、凝固酶阴性（7.7%）、（6.8%）、（6.8%）、（5.9%）和（5.4%）。总体而言，革兰氏阴性菌分离株对环丙沙星（9.3%）、司帕沙星（16.0%）、培氟沙星（17.3%）、氧氟沙星（21.6%）、氯霉素（34.6%）、庆大霉素（36.4%）、链霉素（37%）、复方新诺明（49.4%）、阿莫西林（59.3%）、阿莫西林克拉维酸钾（62.3%）耐药，而革兰氏阳性菌对环丙沙星（3.3%）、培氟沙星（6.7%）、红霉素（13.3%）、链霉素（21.7%）、头孢曲松（28.3%）、复方新诺明（28.3%）、庆大霉素（36.7%）、头孢呋辛（68.）、氨苄西林氯唑西林（81.7%）和阿莫西林（85.0%）耐药。在一些分离株中观察到对三种或更多抗菌药物的多重耐药（MDR）。观察到77种耐药模式，革兰氏阳性菌中有16种，革兰氏阴性菌中有61种。
本研究揭示所有分离株对两种或更多抗菌药物具有多重耐药性。这可能在原发性或继发性犬呼吸道感染的情况下带来抗生素耐药性挑战。此外，本研究表明，82%的狗主人/爱好者在与这些狗玩耍时与它们的面对面接触距离小于50厘米，从而增加了他们从看似健康的狗身上感染多重耐药菌的机会。
