Rossi Fabrício Eduardo, Landreth Andrew, Beam Stacey, Jones Taylor, Norton Layne, Cholewa Jason Michael
Department of Kinesiology, Coastal Carolina University, Conway SC, USA; Institute of Bioscience, Department of Physical Education, University Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.
Department of Kinesiology, Coastal Carolina University , Conway SC, USA.
J Sports Sci Med. 2017 Mar 1;16(1):60-68. eCollection 2017 Mar.
This study investigated the effects of a sport nutrition education intervention (SNEI) on dietary intake, knowledge, body composition, and performance in NCAA Division I baseball players. Resistance trained NCAA Division I baseball players (82.4 ± 8.2 kg; 1.83 ± 0.06 m; 13.7 ± 5 % body fat) participated in the study during 12 weeks of off-season training. Fifteen players volunteered for SNEI while 15 players matched for position served as controls (C) for body composition and performance. The nutrition intervention group (NI) received a 90 min SNEI encompassing energy intake (Kcal), carbohydrate (CHO), protein (PRO), fat, food sources, and hydration. Sport nutrition knowledge questionnaires were administered to NI pre and post. Nutritional status was determined by three-day dietary logs administered to NI pre and post. Body composition and performance (5-10-5 shuttle test, vertical jump, broad jump, 1 RM squat) were measured pre and post for C and NI. Knowledge increased in NI. Pro and fat, but not CHO intake increased in NI. FM decreased pre to post in NI (11.5 ± 4.8 vs. 10.5 ± 5.4 kg) but not C (11.3 ± 4.7 vs. 11.9 ± 4.5 kg). FFM increased pre to post with no differences between groups. The 5-10-5 shuttle times decreased significantly more in NI (4.58 ± 0.15 vs. 4.43 ± 0.13 sec) compared to C (4.56 ± 0.18 vs. 4.50 ± 0.16 sec). Jump and squat performance increased pre to post with no differences between groups. Our findings indicate that an off season SNEI is effective at improving sport nutrition knowledge and some, but not all, nutrient intakes and performance measures in Division I baseball players.
本研究调查了运动营养教育干预（SNEI）对美国大学体育协会（NCAA）一级棒球运动员饮食摄入、知识水平、身体成分和运动表现的影响。参与抗阻训练的NCAA一级棒球运动员（体重82.4±8.2千克；身高1.83±0.06米；体脂率13.7±5%）在为期12周的休赛期训练期间参与了该研究。15名运动员自愿参加SNEI，同时15名位置匹配的运动员作为身体成分和运动表现的对照组（C）。营养干预组（NI）接受了一次90分钟的SNEI，内容包括能量摄入（千卡）、碳水化合物（CHO）、蛋白质（PRO）、脂肪、食物来源和水合作用。在干预前后对NI进行了运动营养知识问卷调查。通过在干预前后对NI进行为期三天的饮食记录来确定营养状况。对C组和NI组在干预前后测量了身体成分和运动表现（5-10-5穿梭测试、垂直跳跃、立定跳远、1次重复最大重量深蹲）。NI组的知识水平有所提高。NI组的蛋白质和脂肪摄入量增加，但碳水化合物摄入量未增加。NI组的去脂体重从干预前到干预后有所增加（11.5±4.8千克对10.5±5.4千克），但C组没有变化（11.3±4.7千克对11.9±4.5千克）。两组之间的去脂体重从干预前到干预后均有所增加且无差异。与C组（4.56±0.18秒对4.50±0.16秒）相比，NI组的5-10-5穿梭时间显著下降更多（4.58±0.15秒对4.43±0.13秒）。跳跃和深蹲表现从干预前到干预后均有所提高，两组之间无差异。我们的研究结果表明，休赛期的SNEI能有效提高一级棒球运动员的运动营养知识以及部分（但并非全部）营养素摄入量和运动表现指标。
